1. Imikhuba yotshani obukhula ngesikhathi sonyaka opholile
Utshani obukhula ngesikhathi sokupholisa buthanda isimo sezulu esipholile futhi besaba ukushisa. Bukhula ngokushesha entwasahlobo nasekwindla futhi buhlale buthule ehlobo. Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ngaphezu kuka-5℃ ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ingxenye engaphezulu komhlaba ingakhula. Izinga lokushisa elihle lokukhula kwezimpande lingu-10-18℃, kanti izinga lokushisa elihle lokukhula kwesiqu namaqabunga lingu-10-25℃; uhlelo lwezimpande luyayeka ukukhula lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-25℃. Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-32℃, ingxenye engaphezulu komhlaba iyayeka ukukhula. Ukukhula kotshani obukhula ngesikhathi sokupholisa kudinga amanzi amaningi kanye nomanyolo, futhi izinhlobo eziningi zithanda ukukhanya kunomthunzi.
2. Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zotshani obukhula ngesikhathi esipholile
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zotshani zesikhathi esipholile kulandela isimiso "somhlaba ofanele kanye notshani obufanele". Ukuhlwanyela okuxubile phakathi kwezinhlobo noma izinhlobo kungandisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kotshani. Utshani obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obuluhlaza buluhlaza futhi bunamaqabunga amancane. Ukuhlwanyela okuxubile kwezinhlobo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu kungakhautshani obusezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izidingo zamanzi nomanyolo ziphakeme kakhulu. Ukumelana nezifo nokumelana nokushisa ehlobo ngokuvamile akulungile njenge-fescue ende; inani lokuhlobisa lezinhlobo ezintsha ze-fescue ende lithuthukisiwe, kodwa lisaqinile uma liqhathaniswa notshani oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukutshala okuxubile kwezinhlobo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu kuzokwenza utshani lungamelani nesomiso, lungamelani nokushisa futhi lungamelani nezifo, kanti izidingo zamanzi nomanyolo nazo ziphansi kunezokuqala. I-fescue ebomvu ibekezelela umthunzi futhi ayimelani nokushisa, ngakho-ke ingaxutshwa ngokufanele ezindaweni ezipholile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubekezelela umthunzi wotshani; i-bluegrass enesiqu esiqinile iyona ebekezelela umthunzi kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zotshani, kodwa ayikhuli kahle ezindaweni ezinokukhanya futhi ifanele izindawo ezipholile. Inani lokutshala lazo zonke izinhlobo zotshani akufanele lidlule inani lokutshala elinconywayo, i-meadow bluegrass 6-15g/m2, i-fescue ende 25-40g/m2. Ukuze ubone imiphumela esheshayo, ukwandisa inani lokutshala akuhambisani nokukhula kotshani.
3. Izidingo zokunisela utshani obusezinkathini ezipholile
Utshani obusebusika buthanda amanzi kodwa besaba ukugcwala kwamanzi. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okwanele, inani lokunisela kufanele lilungiswe ngokwesizini kanye nezinga lokushisa, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa umhlabathi kahle. Lapho utshani buphenduka buluhlaza entwasahlobo, bunisele kusenesikhathi futhi kahle ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuluhlaza kotshani; fafaza amanzi ukuze aphole ekushiseni okuphezulu ehlobo, uvimbele ukunqwabelana kwamanzi ngemva kwemvula, bese unisela uma kumanzi futhi komile ngendlela efanele, futhi ugweme ukunisela kusihlwa; yandisa isikhathi sokunisela ekwindla kuze kube sekuqaleni kobusika.
4. Ukunqunywa kotshani botshani besikhathi esibandayo
Ukuphakama kwezinhlanga kufanele kube kukhulu noma kulingane nokuphakama okunconywayo kotshani obuhlukahlukene. Utshani bokuqala bungu-1-2.5 cm, i-fescue ende ingu-2-4.5 cm, kanti ukuphakama kwezinhlanga kukhushulwa ngokufanele cishe ngo-0.5 cm ezindaweni ezinomthunzi; ukuphakama kwezinhlanga zotshani ehlobo kukhushulwa ngokufanele cishe ngo-1 cm. Inani lokuthena ngesikhathi esisodwa akufanele lidlule ingxenye yesithathu yokuphakama kotshani. Isibonelo, ukuphakama kwezinhlanga kungu-8 cm, kanti ukuphakama kotshani kufinyelela ku-12 cm. Uma ukuphakama kotshani okungaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu kuthenwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuzobangela amazinga ahlukahlukene omonakalo otshanini, futhi utshani buzoncipha kancane kancane.
5. Ukuvundisa utshani botshani besikhathi esibandayo
Ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo kanye nokuthena njalo, utshani besikhathi esibandayo kufanele bufakwe umanyolo izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka. Faka umanyolo okungenani kabili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, bese wandisa inani lomanyolo entwasahlobo nasekwindla ngokwesimo; ngokuvamile akukho umanyolo ofakwa ehlobo, futhi umanyolo okhipha kancane (umanyolo we-organic noma umanyolo wamakhemikhali) ungasetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwehlobo uma kudingeka; ngaphezu komanyolo we-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium osetshenziswa entwasahlobo yokuqala nasekwindla yokugcina, kufanele kufakwe umanyolo we-nitrogen; ehlobo, ungafaki umanyolo we-nitrogen izikhathi eziningi ngenxa yobuthakathaka botshani ukuze ugweme izifo ezibangela izifo. Umanyolo we-potassium ungathuthukisa ukumelana kotshani, futhi umanyolo we-potassium ungangezwa njalo lapho kufakwa umanyolo we-nitrogen. Izakhamzimba zomanyolo okhipha kancane zihlinzeka njalo utshani ngokukhula okulinganiselayo, ngenkathi kunciphisa inani lomanyolo futhi konga umsebenzi. Umanyolo kufanele wenziwe kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile yomanyolo, engenza ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kube okunembile futhi okulinganayo.
6. Ukususwa kokhula
Ngaphambi kokuba utshani lutshalwe, sebenzisa umuthi wokubulala ukhula obulalayo (ongalimaza imvelo) ukuze ususe ngokuphelele ukhula enhlabathini, okunganciphisa kakhulu ukhula otshanini ekuqaleni kwesigaba.
7. Izinambuzane nezifo zotshani obukhula ebusika
Ukuvimbela nokulawula izifo zasetshanini kufanele kulandele isimiso esithi “ukuvimbela kuqala, ukuvimbela nokulawula okuphelele”. Okokuqala, kufanele kugcinwe ngokwezinyathelo zokunakekela ezifanele, bese kuhlanganiswa nezibulala-zinambuzane zokuvimbela nokulawula. Ehlobo, izifo zasetshanini zivame kakhulu futhi ziyingozi kakhulu. Ungafafaza izibulala-zinambuzane ukuze uzivimbele ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Okusho ukuthi, fafaza izibulala-zinambuzane ngo-Ephreli, ngoMeyi, nangoJuni. Ehlobo, utshani bukhula kancane, futhi ukuba khona kwezifo kuvame ukunganakwa. Kusetshenziswa umanyolo esikhundleni sezibulala-zinambuzane, okuzokwenza kube nzima ukusabalala kwezinye izifo. Kufanele uhlukanise isimo futhi ubhekane naso ngendlela efanele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-21-2024