Utshani lwenkundla luyindlela yokuphila yegalofu. Impumelelo noma ukwehluleka vele ukuphathwa kotshanikuthinta ngqo ukusebenza okuvamile kwenkundla kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho zokusebenza kwayo. Ukuphathwa kwenkundla okuhle nokwesayensi akugcini nje ngokuheha abadlali abaningi futhi kulethe izinzuzo ezinhle zomnotho enkundleni, kodwa futhi kudala idumela elihle lenkundla futhi kwandise ukuthandwa kwenkundla. Okuluhlaza kuwuphawu lwenkundla yegalofu. Ukubukwa kanye nokusebenza kohlaza kuthinta ngqo umuzwa wegalofu ngalinye kanye nokuhlolwa kwenkundla yegalofu. Ngakho-ke, cishe zonke izinhlobo zegalofu ezingatshalwa nge-bentgrass zikhethwa ukuze zibukwe futhi zibukwe. I-bentgrass engcono kakhulu. Uma ukhetha i-creeping bentgrass, ukhetha nezinselele ekunakekelweni nasekuphathweni. Okulandelayo kungenye yezindlela zomsebenzi zombhali mayelana nokuvimbela nokulawula izifo zenkundla eminyakeni yamuva.
一. Amabhaktheriya ayinhloko abangela izifo
Izifo ze-stadium turf zibangelwa kakhulu yi-fungi. Njengohlobo lwe-microorganism, i-fungi yakhiwe yi-hyphae ehlangana ibe yi-mycelium. I-fungi iyasinda ngokumunca izakhamzimba nge-mycelium. I-spores iwuhlobo lwe-fungi. I-spores isakazeka esitshalweni ngomoya, imvula kanye nezinye izinto. Uma izimo zivuma, i-spores iyahluma bese yakha i-fungi. I-spores iwuhlobo oluyinhloko lokusabalala kwezifo. Umonakalo omkhulu obangelwa yi-fungi ukuthi i-fungi imunca izakhamzimba ezitshalweni, ibhubhise amangqamuzana ezitshalo nezicubu, futhi ibangele ukufa kwezitshalo. I-fungi ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-fungi ye-saprophytic kanye ne-fungi ye-parasitic. I-fungi ye-saprophytic idla izinto eziphilayo ezifile, kanti i-fungi ye-parasitic idla izinto eziphilayo futhi idla izitshalo eziphilayo.
Isikhunta asinazo izicubu ezihambisa amanzi futhi singathembela kuphela kumswakama wangaphandle ukuze sizale. Ngakho-ke, isikhunta cishe asisebenzi ezimweni zezulu ezomile, yingakho izifo zesikhunta zenzeka kakhulu ezimweni zezulu ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Izifo eziyinhloko zotshani lwenkundla yegalofu: indawo ensundu, i-pythium, ukubola okuphelele, indawo yohlamvu lwemali, indawo yasehlobo, indawo efile yasentwasahlobo, indawo ebolile, ukubuna kwe-sickle, njll.
Izinto eziyinhloko ezibangela izifo
Izinto ezibangela izifo otshanini lwegalofu zifaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, umswakama, umanyolo, ukuchelela nge-sprinkler, njll., okungafingqwa ngezici ezimbili: izici zesimo sezulu kanye nezemvelo kanye nezici zokugcinwa nokuphathwa.
1. Izici zesimo sezulu kanye nezemvelo
Isimo sezulu yisona sizathu esiyinhloko esibangela izifo, lapho izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kuyizinto eziyinhloko ezilawulayo. Noma yisiphi isifo sidinga izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nezimo zokukhanya ezifanele ukukhula nokuzala kwaso. Uma lezi zimo ezinhle zenzeka, amagciwane asebenza kakhulu futhi angakhula futhi azale ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela alimaze utshani. Phakathi kwazo, isimo sezulu esinomswakama yisona sizathu esihle kakhulu sokubangela izifo zesikhunta; izinga lokushisa liyisimo sesibili esibalulekile sokubangela izifo.
Ngaphezu kokushisa nomswakama, ukufiphaza nakho kuyisici esibalulekile ekubangeleni izifo zotshani. Ukukhanya okuncane kwesikhathi eside kusiza ekusebenzeni kwamagciwane. Ukufiphaza isikhathi eside kanye nezimo zomswakama ophezulu kuzokwenza izitshalo zotshani zibe mnene futhi zibe namanzi, okwenza zitheleleke kalula ngamagciwane.
2. Ukuphathwa kokugcinwaizici
Ukuqaliswa okungalungile kwanoma yisiphi isinyathelo sokuphatha kuzoholela ezifweni. Izici zokuphatha ezibangela izifo zotshani zifaka phakathi: ukucheba, ukufaka umanyolo, ukuchelela nge-sprinkler, ukulima, njll. Phakathi kwazo, izinyathelo zokunisela nge-sprinkler ezingafanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphatha eziholela ekumisweni kwamanzi enhlabathini okungekuhle yizona zinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibangela izifo zotshani.
Ukuthena okuphansi kakhulu nokuvame kakhulu kungabangela izifo kalula. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho uthena, izihloko zamaqabunga esitshalo zizolimala, futhi imithambo yamaqabunga elimele ihlinzeka ngamathuba okuthi amagciwane angene; ukuchelela okuncane kwe-sprinkler kuzogcina utshani luhlala lumanzi, okudala indawo yokuba utshani lukhule. Umswakama owedlulele wenza kube lula ukusebenza kwamagciwane futhi kubangele izifo kalula; izifo eziningi zotshani zihlobene nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo we-nitrogen. Ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen omningi kwenza utshani bube bukhulu futhi bube bude, futhi izitshalo ziba mnene futhi zibe namanzi, okukhuthaza ukutheleleka ngezifo; Ubukhulu obukhulu bomhlabathi wotshani kanye nokungena komoya okungekuhle kwandisa amathuba okuthi kube nezifo; ukugeleza kwamanzi okungekuhle komhlabathi wotshani akugcini nje ngokwandisa umswakama womhlabathi futhi kukhuthaze ukusebenza kwezifo, kodwa futhi kuthinta ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezimpande zotshani futhi kunciphisa ukumelana kwezifo zotshani.
Ukuqina kokuphathwa kwengadi kanye nezinga lokuphathwa elidingwa yingadi nakho kuhlobene nesifo. Ngokuvamile, ubukhali besifo buhlobene kahle nobukhulu bokuphathwa okutshalwe engadini. Uma ubukhali bokuphathwa bukhula, kulapho amathuba esifo ekhula khona. Indawo yengadi enesifo kakhulu enkundleni iluhlaza, kanti imifino eluhlaza ekhasa phansi inezifo eziningi; eyesibili yi-tee, ngoba ubukhali bokuphathwa obubekwe ku-tee bungobesibili kunobuluhlaza; eyesithathu utshani be-fairway, i-fairway Ubukhali bokuphathwa enkundleni yegalofu buphansi kunobebhokisi le-tee, kodwa buphakeme kunobendawo yengadi ephezulu; indawo yengadi ephezulu iyindawo yengadi enezifo ezimbalwa enkundleni, ngoba inani lezikhathi zokuthena, ukufakwa komanyolo, ukunisela nge-sprinkler, njll. endaweni yengadi ephezulu kuncane kunezinye izindawo zengadi. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuphathwa kwengadi kanye nokuvela kwezifo kubonakala kuyimpikiswano engenakulungiswa. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wethu ufakazela ukuthi ngokuphathwa okufanele kanye nezinyathelo zesayensi zokuvimbela nokulawula, lokhu kungqubuzana kungaxazululwa.
三. Izindlela zesayensi zokuvimbela nokulawula
Ukuvimbela nokulawula izifo zasenkundleni kubhekisela endleleni ephumelelayo yokuvimbela noma ukusebenzisa izinto eziphephile nezinobungani nemvelo ukulawula ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo nokubuyisela ukukhula kotshani lapho izifo ziqala ukubonakala. Izifo ze-turfgrass zimbi kakhulu futhi zivame kakhulu ezinkundleni eziningi zegalofu ezweni lakithi, futhi cishe zonke izibulala-zinambuzane zezolimo zisetshenziswa ekunakekelweni nasekulawuleni. Nakuba izinkundla zegalofu ziyimboni efaka kakhulu futhi ekhipha kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nokugcinwa kotshani, cishe zonke izinkundla zegalofu azitshali imali eyanele. Ekuphathweni kotshani begalofu, izinkundla eziningi zegalofu zilinda kuze kube yilapho kuvela izifo ezinkulu zotshani ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kunzima ukuthenga imikhiqizo eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile utshani begalofu emakethe, umphathi womnyango we-turf wazama zonke izindlela futhi wachitha isikhathi esiningi namandla ukukhetha imikhiqizo enemiphumela ekhethekile evela ezibulala-zinambuzane zendabuko. Umphumela waba yisigamu somphumela ngomphumela ophindwe kabili. Utshani begalofu bunendawo yalo ekhethekile yemvelo kanye nobuthakathaka bemvelo. Kuhambisana nezici zokuvikela zomkhiqizo, kunzima ukuba nomthelela omkhulu wokwelapha otshani obunesifo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela nokwelapha izifo zegalofu kumele kusetshenziswe imikhiqizo ekhethekile eqondisiwe. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho umkhiqizo ungafinyelela khona imiphumela engcono, futhi umkhiqizo ungaqinisekisa ukuthi ungabhekana namagciwane esifo ahlala eshintshashintsha.
Amaphuzu abalulekile ezinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula:
1. Ukuvimbela kuyinto eza kuqala kanti ukwelashwa kuyinto eza kuqala.
Kusho ukuthi ekunakekelweni nasekuphathweni kwansuku zonke, izinyathelo ezahlukene zokuphatha kufanele zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, futhi isikhathi nendlela yokusebenzisa isinyathelo ngasinye kufanele iqondwe kahle, ukuze kugcinwe utshani lusesimweni sokukhula esinempilo futhi kuncishiswe amathuba okutheleleka yizifo. Okwesibili, vimbela izifo ngokusebenzisa nsuku zonke imikhiqizo ethile yokulawula izinto eziphilayo enobungani nemvelo. Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo sivela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokwelapha ukuvimbela nokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi neziyingozi.
2. Ngemva kokuthena, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukufafaza okuvimbelayo ukuvimbela nokwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
3. Umanyolo wesayensi kanye nokunisela okunengqondo.
4. Ukuthena okwenziwa ngokwesayensi nangokufanele.
5. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi.
6. Sebenzisa imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe yokulawula izifo enkundleni yegalofu
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-25-2024