Izinga lokugcinwa nokuphathwa kweutshani benkundla yebholaKubaluleke kakhulu ekhwalithini yenkundla yebhola, impilo yayo yesevisi kanye nokusebenza kwabadlali enkundleni. Ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kotshani kubalulekile, kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ngempumelelo izinhlobo zotshani ezinhle ezifanele ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa kotshani. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho kusungulwa umbhede wotshani, kufanele kuqashelwe umsebenzi wokukhipha amanzi. Uma inkundla yebhola yochwepheshe ifuna ukubamba umdlalo, ikhwalithi yotshani bayo kumele ihlangabezane nezinga elithile, ngaphandle kwalokho umdlalo awukwazi ukuqhubeka ngokujwayelekile. Ukwakheka kotshani obuhle kulawulwa yinhlanganisela yezici.
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zotshani kufanele kucabangele izici zesifunda.
Izici zotshani ezithinta ikhwalithi yemidlalo yotshani lwebhola kuqala zifaka phakathi ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zotshani lwebhola kanye nezinhlobo. Ngokweqiniso, utshani lwebhola lwamanje alunazo izinhlobo zotshani lwebhola olukhethekile njenge-golf greens. Lukhetha kuphela izinhlobo zotshani ezimelana nokunyathelwa, ukumelana nokucindezeleka okunamandla, ikhono lokululama eliqinile, kanye nokuqina okuhle ngokwezindawo ezahlukene zemvelo ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Ngakho-ke ungazikhetha kanjani izinhlobo zotshani ezifanele ngaphansi kwezimo ezilinganiselwe? Ngokwezincazelo ezijwayelekile ze-International Football Association (FIFA), uhlobo lotshani olutshalwe ezinkundleni zebhola kufanele lube utshani lwe-turfgrass.
Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, i-fescue ende, i-bluegrass, kanye ne-zoysia kungaba uhlobo oluvelele. Njengamanje, ezindaweni ezinemvula ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, utshani obufudumele njengotshani be-zoysia kanye ne-bermudagrass bukhethwa kakhulu; ezindaweni zokuguquka, izinhlobo ezithile ze-bermudagrass, i-zoysia grass kanye ne-fescue ende ezimelana kakhulu nokubanda zivame ukusetshenziswa; Izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile zixutshwa kakhulu nezilinganiso ezahlukene ze-fescue ende, i-bluegrass kanye ne-ryegrass ehlala isikhathi eside.
Emphakathini we-turf yebhola, kunombono wokuthi “isakhiwo sombhede wenkundla yebhola yisona sici esibaluleke kakhulu esinquma ikhwalithi ye-turf yenkundla yebhola, futhi ithonya laso likhulu kakhulu kunezinga lokuvundisa noma ngisho nokukhethwa kwezinhlobo zotshani.” Kungabonakala ukuthi imfuneko yokunakekelwa kufanele kube ukwakhiwa nokuphelela kwe-utshani lwenkundla yebholauqobo.
Lapho kwakhiwa imibhede eyisicaba, kufanele kuqashelwe ukwakheka kwamanzi kanye nokwakheka kwemisele.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyinake ekwakhiweni kombhede oyisicaba umsebenzi wawo wokukhipha amanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kongqimba lokukhipha amanzi kunomthelela omkhulu kakhulu kwikhwalithi yezemidlalo yenkundla yebhola, kuthinta ngqo okuqukethwe umswakama womphezulu wenhlabathi, ukuvuleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokuqina kwenhlabathi endaweni yezimpande, okuthinta ubulukhuni bomphezulu wenkundla yebhola, izinga lokubuyela emuva kwebhola kanye nezinye izakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zensimu. Ngakho-ke ekuqaleni kokwakha umbhede oyisicaba, ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuvuleka kwamanzi okuphezulu?
Thatha isakhiwo se-PAT (Prescription Athletic Turf), okuyisakhiwo sotshani senkundla yebhola esisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, njengesibonelo. Sisebenzisa ama-probe embhedeni kanye namanzi angaphandle kanye namaphampu okudonsa amanzi ukulawula umswakama enhlabathini ngendlela eguquguqukayo kuze kube sezingeni elidingwa utshani. Iphuzu elihle kakhulu, futhi lesi sakhiwo singaphoqa amanzi ukuthi aphume, futhi idivayisi yaso yokudonsa amanzi ngokuzenzakalelayo ivumela umdlalo ukuthi udlalwe emvuleni enkulu.
Ukugeleza kwamanzi okwenziwa embhedeni wesikhulumi nakho kungaqinisekisa intuthuko ebushelelezi yomdlalo enkundleni yebhola evulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufakwa uhlelo lokushisa olusizayo lokwenziwa embhedeni wepitch, olungandisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwenkundla. Ngoba uhlelo lokushisa luqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nasezindaweni ezibandayo nezomile, utshani lungahlala luluhlaza unyaka wonke, lufeze iphupho lokusetshenziswa unyaka wonke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umklamo wethambeka lotshani nawo udinga ukunakwa lapho kwakhiwa umbhede wotshani. Ukuze inkundla yebhola ibe namakhono amahle okukhipha amanzi ebusweni, inkundla yebhola kumele igcine umthambeka othile wobuso lapho yakhiwa. Ochwepheshe bake bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphezu kokukhipha amanzi kabi, ukunqwabelana kwamanzi ezinkundleni zebhola kubangelwa umklamo wethambeka lobuso ongenangqondo noma ukwakhiwa okungenangqondo. Isici kanye nomthambeka wenkundla yebhola kufanele kuthambekele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezine kusukela endaweni yokuqala endundumeni ephakathi, futhi umthambeka akufanele udlule u-0.5%. Ngenxa yokuthi umthambeka wobuso uphakeme kakhulu, kuzothinta ukuqeqeshwa kwebhola kanye nokuncintisana; uma umthambeka umncane kakhulu, amanzi aqongelelekile ebusweni benkundla ngeke akhishwe kalula noma umthambeka uzoba mncane kakhulu, okuthinta ukukhulautshani botshanikanye nekhwalithi yomdlalo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-18-2024