Ukunisela kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuqinisekisa inani lamanzi elifanele ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kukhule futhi kuthuthukiswe utshani. Kungaba yindlela ephumelelayo yokulungisa ukungalingani kwemvula enomoya kanye nobuningi bendawo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukunisela nge-sprinkler nakho kuyasetshenziswa ukuhlanza. umanyolo wamakhemikhali, izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nothuli olunamathele emaqabungeni otshani, kanye nokuphola esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesomile.
1. Ukubaluleka kanye nomsebenzi wokunisela utshani
(1) Ukunisela kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukukhula okuvamile kwezitshalo zotshani
Izitshalo zotshani zidla amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi zikhula. Ngokwezilinganiso, izitshalo zotshani zidla amanzi angu-500-700g ku-1g ngayinye yezinto ezomile ezikhiqizwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthembela kuphela emvuleni womoya akwanele. Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile, izindawo ezinomswakama omkhulu kanye nemvula, amanzi ayisici esikhulu esivimbela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kotshani. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuxazulula ukuntuleka komswakama kotshani ukunisela.
(2) Ukunisela utshani kungenye yezimo eziyisisekelo zokuqinisekisa umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo wezitshalo zotshani nokwandisa isikhathi sazo esiluhlaza.
Ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile, amaqabunga ezitshalo zotshani mancane futhi mancane, kanti amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi. Utshani luzoshintsha lube phuzi lube luhlaza ngemva kokunisela ngokwanele.
(3) Ukunisela utshani kungenye yezixhumanisi ezibalulekile ekulawuleni isimo sezulu esincane kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Ezimweni zezulu ezishisayo ehlobo, ukuchelela ngesikhathi kunganciphisa izinga lokushisa, kwandise umswakama, futhi kuvimbele ukusha kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukwenza ukuchelela kwasebusika ngaphambi kobusika kungakhuphula izinga lokushisa futhi kuvimbele umonakalo weqhwa.
(4) Ukunisela utshani kungenye yezimo zokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kotshani nokwandisa isikhathi sazo sokusebenza.
Ukunisela utshani kungandisa ukuncintisana kotshani futhi kucindezele ukhula, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isikhathi salo sokusebenza.
(5) Ukunisela utshani ngesikhathi kungavimbela izinambuzane, izifo kanye nomonakalo wegundane.
Ukunisela utshani ngesikhathi kungavimbela izifo, izinambuzane ezibangela izinambuzane kanye nomonakalo wegundane, futhi kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukukhula okuvamile kwezitshalo zotshani. Ezinye izinambuzane nezifo zenzeka kaningi ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile, njengezinambuzane ezincelisayo kanye nezikelemu, ezinezinga eliphezulu lokusabalala kanye nomonakalo omkhulu ngesikhathi sesomiso. Izinambuzane zotshani zingadala umonakalo omkhulu otshanini ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile. Ukunisela ngesikhathi kungaqeda lezi zifo.
2. Ukunqunywa kwezidingo zamanzi otshani
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta izidingo zamanzi otshani. Izici eziyinhloko izinhlobo zotshani nezinhlobo, izinhlobo zomhlabathi kanye nezimo zemvelo. Lezi zinto zivame ukuhlangana ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokunakekelwa ezijwayelekile, utshani ngokuvamile ludinga amanzi angu-25-40mm ngesonto, okungahlangatshezwa yimvula, ukuchelela, noma kokubili. Inani lamanzi adingekayo ekuniseleni liyahlukahluka ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu ezahlukene. Izitshalo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-1% kuphela yamanzi eziwamuncayo. Ukukhula nentuthuko.
(1) Ukuhwamuka
Ukushiswa kwamanzi nge-evapotranspiration kuyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni isidingo samanzi ezitshalo. Kubhekisela enanini eliphelele lamanzi alahleka utshani endaweni ngayinye ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokushiswa kwezitshalo kanye nokuhwamuka kwamanzi ebusweni. Etshanini elimbozwe kakhulu, ukushiswa kwamanzi ngezitshalo kuyisici esiyinhloko sokulahleka kwamanzi.
(2) Ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi
Ukuthungwa komhlabathi kunomthelela obalulekile ekuhambeni kwamanzi, ekugcinweni nasekutholakaleni kwawo. Inhlabathi enesihlabathi inezikhala ezinkulu, ngakho-ke le nhlabathi enokwakheka okuqinile ikhipha amanzi kahle kodwa inomthamo olinganiselwe wokubamba amanzi. Inhlabathi yobumba ikhipha amanzi kancane ngoba inesilinganiso esiphezulu sama-micro-voids kunenhlabathi yesihlabathi, kuyilapho inhlabathi enokwakheka okucolekile ibamba amanzi amaningi ngenxa yendawo yayo enkulu yobuso bezinhlayiya kanye nomthamo wezikhala. Inhlabathi enobumba oluthambile inomthamo ophakathi wokukhipha amanzi kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi.
(3) Izimo zezulu
Izimo zezulu zezwe lami ziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi imvula iyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezindawo, kusukela kumamilimitha ambalwa ngonyaka enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya kumamilimitha angaphezu kwenkulungwane ogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga. Ukusatshalaliswa kwemvula ngezikhathi ezithile nakho akulinganiselanga kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezindawo, futhi izinyathelo kumele zivumelane nezimo zendawo. Nquma izinhlelo zamanzi okunisela ezifanele ukuze ulungise ukusatshalaliswa kwemvula okungalingani ngesikhathi nendawo.
(4) Nquma isidingo samanzi
Uma kungekho zimo zokulinganisa izimo zokuphefumula kwe-evapotranspiration, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kunganqunywa ngokusekelwe kudatha ethile eqinisekisiwe. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ngesikhathi sokukhula esomile, ukuchelela masonto onke kufanele kube ngu-2.5-3.8cm ukugcina utshani buluhlaza futhi buqhakazile. Ezindaweni ezishisayo nezomile, amanzi angu-5.1cm noma ngaphezulu angasetshenziswa njalo ngeviki. Njengoba uhlelo lwezimpande zotshani lusakazwa kakhulu engqimbeni yomhlabathi engaphezu kuka-10-15cm, ungqimba lomhlabathi kufanele lumanziswe lube ngu-10-15cm ngemva kokuchelela ngakunye.
3. Isikhathi sokunisela
Onolwaziabaphathi begcekebavame ukwahlulela isikhathi sokunisela ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zokuntuleka kwamanzi otshanini. Utshani obubunile buphenduka luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma bube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma ubona izinyathelo noma imizila ngemva kokuhamba noma ukusebenzisa umshini otshanini, kusho ukuthi utshani buswele amanzi kakhulu. Lapho utshani buqala ukubuna, bulahlekelwa ukunwebeka kwalo. Le ndlela ilungele utshani obunezinga eliphezulu lokuphathwa kanye nokuhamba kwezimoto eziningi, ngoba utshani buswele amanzi kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, okuthinte ikhwalithi yotshani, futhi utshani obuswele amanzi abukwazi ukubekezelela ukunyathelwa.
Sebenzisa ummese ukuhlola inhlabathi. Uma inhlabathi engaphansi kuka-10-15cm kokusabalala kwezimpande zotshani yomile, kufanele uyinisele. Umbala wenhlabathi eyomile ulula kunowenhlabathi emanzi.
Isikhathi esishibhile sosuku sokunisela kufanele kube lapho kungekho moya, umswakama ophezulu, kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokuhwamuka kwamanzi. Izimo ebusuku noma ekuseni kakhulu zingahlangabezana nezidingo ezingenhla, futhi ukulahleka kwamanzi okunisela kuncane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokunisela emini, ama-50% amanzi angahwamuka ngaphambi kokufika phansi. Kodwa-ke, umswakama owedlulele odongeni lotshani uvame ukuholela ekuveleni kwezifo. Ukunisela ebusuku kuzokwenza utshani botshani bube manzi amahora amaningana noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ungqimba olufana ne-wax kanye nezinye izendlalelo zokuvikela ebusweni bezitshalo zotshani ziba zincane. Amagciwane kanye nama-microorganism kulula ukuwasebenzisa futhi asakazeke ezicutshini zezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokucatshangelwa okubanzi, kukholelwa ukuthi ekuseni kakhulu yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokufaka utshani.
4. Ukuvama kokunisela
Ngokuvamile, nisela ka-1-2 ngesonto. Uma inhlabathi inamandla okugcina amanzi futhi ingagcina amanzi amaningi engqimbeni yezimpande, isidingo samanzi singaniselwa kanye ngesonto. Inhlabathi enesihlabathi enekhono lokugcina amanzi elibi kufanele iniselwe ka-2, njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3. -Nisela ingxenye yesidingo samanzi masonto onke izinsuku ezi-4.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-01-2024