Ingadi ingenye yezingxenye zehadiwe zesikwele, futhi ikhwalithi yayo ithinta ngqo ukubukeka kwayo yonke isikwele. Ngisho nokuthena kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokunakekelwa kwengadi. Uma ingadi ingathenwanga ngesikhathi, ingxenye engenhla yesiqu sayo izokhula ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izotshala imbewu, okuzophazamisa futhi kuthinte ukukhula kotshani obunganyathelwa phansi, okwenza kube yihlane.
Iukuthena utshaniIsikhathi ngokuvamile sisukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. Ukuphakama kokuthena utshani ngokuvamile kulandela isimiso esingu-1/3. Ukuthena kokuqala kwenziwa lapho utshani buphakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kuya kwangu-12, kanti ukuphakama kwezinsika kungu-6 cm kuya ku-8 cm. Inani lokuthena lincike esilinganisweni sokukhula kotshani. Ngokuvamile uJuni kuya kuJulayi yisikhathi esinamandla kakhulu sokukhula kotshani, izikhathi ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2 njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10, kanye nezi-1 kuya kwezi-2 njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15 ngezinye izikhathi. Ngemva kokuthena okuphindaphindiwe, utshani alugcini nje ngokuba nama-rhizome athuthukile kanye nekhono lokumboza eliqinile, kodwa futhi luphansi, amaqabunga mancane, futhi inani lokuhlobisa liphezulu.
Uma usika utshani, ibhande lokusika kumele lihambisane, futhi indlela yokusika kumele ishintshwe isikhathi ngasinye. Unqenqema lotshani ngokuvamile lunqunywa ngesikele ukuze lugcine ubuhle balo.
Ukuvundisa kungenye ingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kotshani. Lapho utshani lugundwa kaningi, kulapho kuthathwa khona izakhamzimba eziningi enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, izakhamzimba ezanele kumele zifakwe ukuze kubuyiselwe ukukhula. Ukuvundisa utshani ngokuvamile kusekelwe kumanyolo we-nitrogen, futhi umanyolo ohlanganisiwe usetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izinga lokufaka umanyolo liyi-8 kg kuya ku-12 kg nge-mu, futhi inani lokuvundisa lincike ohlotsheni lotshani.
Ngokuvamile, utshani buvundiswa izikhathi ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-8 ngonyaka. Isikhathi esiqongelelwe sokuvundisa siphakathi kuka-Ephreli noSepthemba, ikakhulukazi umanyolo wasekwindla ngoSepthemba ubaluleke kakhulu.
Utshani kufanele luvundiswe ngokulinganayo. Ngale njongo, umanyolo ungasetshenziswa phakathi kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Ngemva kokufaka umanyolo, amanzi kufanele asetshenziswe ngesikhathi ukuze ancibilikise umanyolo ngokuphelele futhi akhuthaze ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba yizimpande.
Ukunisela Utshani botshani bunokumelana okuhlukile kwesomiso ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene, futhi budinga amanzi anele ngesikhathi sokukhula kwabo ngamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukunisela ngesikhathi kungenye indlela yokugcina utshani obuhle. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi esishisayo nesomile, nisela kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuya kwezingu-7 ekuseni nakusihlwa ukuze umanzise izimpande kuze kufike ku-10 cm kuya ku-15 cm. Kunconywa ukunisela ngezinye izinkathi zonyaka ukuze uvikele izimpande zomhlabathi enanini elithile lomswakama, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa ukunisela nge-sprinkler eqondiswe ngezindlela eziningi lapho unisela ukuze ugcine ukunisela okufanayo, wonge amanzi, futhi ususe uthuli ebusweni botshani.
Imigodi yokubhobozakanye nenhlabathi yokufaka umoya ukuze kuvuleke umoya Ingadi idinga ukubholwa futhi ivulwe ngefoloko ukuze kuvuleke umoya kanye kuya kwezimbili ngonyaka. Ngemva kokubhoboza imigodi, gcwalisa ingadi ngesihlabathi, bese usebenzisa i-rake enamazinyo kanye nomshanelo oqinile ukuze ushanele inqwaba yesihlabathi ngokulinganayo, ukuze isihlabathi singene emgodini, siphefumule njalo, futhi sithuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi enhlabathini ejulile. Ubukhulu besendlalelo sesihlabathi ebusweni botshani akufanele budlule u-0.5 cm. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokubhoboza imigodi kanye nenhlabathi yokufaka umoya kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo minyaka yonke.
Susa ukhula bese ukhula kufanele luqonde kahle isimiso esithi “susa kusenesikhathi, susa okuncane, bese ususa ngokuphelele”. Sebenzisa ummese ukuze uthole inani elincane, bese ukhipha ngefosholo lapho inani likhulu futhi ligxilile, bese uliphatha ngendlela ephakathi, bese ulinganisela umhlabathi bese utshala kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-herbicides amakhemikhali angasetshenziswa, njenge-20% dimethoate emulsion, 25% wettable profenofosin emulsion 2,4-d liquid, njll., afuthwa ngosuku olungenamoya nolunelanga, izinga lokushisa kungcono libe ngaphezu kwama-25℃, khona-ke umphumela wesidakamizwa ushesha kakhulu, futhi umthamo ungancishiswa ngesigamu. Ukuxuba kahle ama-herbicides kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Kodwa qaphela ukuze ugweme imiphumela engathandeki. Khetha i-herbicide ehambisanayo ngokohlobo lokhula. Ama-herbicides okulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi yiCaokuojing neKuomie. Ngokuvamile, ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi lufuthwa ngeCaokuojing ngoketshezi oluphindwe izikhathi ezingu-200-300; Uma ulawula ukhula lotshani, sebenzisa i-Caohejing izikhathi ezingu-250-300 zoketshezi ukuze ufafaze ngendlela efanayo, okungalawula ngempumelelo ukhula lotshani njenge-crabgrass, i-tendon grass, i-foxtail grass, i-barnyard grass, i-lycopodium, i-wild oats, kanye ne-teff. Uma ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi kanye nokhula lotshani kuvela ngesikhathi esisodwa, sebenzisa uketshezi oluphindwe izikhathi ezingu-150 lwe-Hekuojing ukuze ufafaze ngendlela efanayo, okungafeza umphumela wokubulala ukhula oluningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuze ulawule ukhula lwe-sedge, fafaza izikhathi ezingu-200-300 ze-Mesabendazole. Ukusetshenziswa okukodwa kungabangela ama-rhizomes e-Cyperus rot, futhi izinga lokuphindeka liphansi kakhulu.
Izifo zotshani zivame ukuba yisikhunta, njengokugqwala, isikhunta esimpunga, i-sclerotinia, i-anthracnose, njll. Zivame ukuba khona ezimpandeni ezifile, eziqwini nasemaqabungeni ezitshalo enhlabathini. Uma zihlangabezana nezimo zezulu ezifanele, zizolimaza utshani, zivimbele ukukhula kotshani, futhi ziphenduke zibe phuzi noma zife zibe yizicucu noma amabhlogo.
Indlela yokuvimbela nokulawula imvamisa ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha ngokwesimo sezifo. Ama-fungicides avame ukusetshenziswa ukuvimbela afaka i-methyl thiophanate, i-carbendazim, i-chlorothalonil, njll. Izinambuzane ezilimaza utshani zihlanganisa izinambuzane ezidla amaqabunga nezondla izimpande njengezinambuzane ze-noctuid, i-armyworm, iminenke, ama-grub, ama-mole crickets, kanye nezintuthwane. Izinambuzane ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa i-dimethoate, i-cypermethrin, kanye ne-dichlorvos. Lapho kuvimbela futhi kulawula, utshani kufanele bunqunywe kancane bese bufafazwa.
Uma utshani lunempandla noma lufile kancane, ludinga ukuvuselelwa futhi luvuselelwe ngesikhathi. Okusho ukuthi, uma usebenzisa umanyolo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, hlanganisa imbewu yotshani obuhlume kanye nomanyolo ndawonye bese ufafaza ngokulinganayo otshanini, noma sebenzisa i-roller ukusika umqhekezo njalo ngamasentimitha angama-20 otshanini bese ufaka umquba ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande ezintsha. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokuvuza kwezimpande okubangelwa ukunqunywa njalo, ukunisela, kanye nokuhlanza ungqimba lotshani obufile, engeza inhlabathi bese uyigoqa ngesikhathi sokuhluma kotshani noma ngemuva kokunqunywa. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngonyaka, futhi ukugoqa kwenziwa kaningi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngemva kokuba inhlabathi incibilikile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-27-2024