Ebusika, ikhwalithi yokuphathwa kotshani obuluhlaza ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yotshani ngonyaka ozayo. Indlela yokwenza utshani obuluhlaza bube ngokuphephile ebusika futhi ubeke isisekelo esiqinile sokwenziwa kohlaza kwentwasahlobo elandelayo yinto eza kuqala ekuphathweni kwebusika. Lesi sihloko sinikeza iziphakamiso eziningana zokuphathwa kokwenziwa kohlaza obuluhlaza ebusika ukuze abafundi babhekisele kuzo.
Ucwaningo kanye nenqubekela phambili yeukuphathwa kotshanibenze igxathu elikhulu ekunakekelweni kwezinkundla zegalofu. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuthuthukisiwe kuthuthukise ukuphathwa kwezingadi kwaba sezingeni eliphezulu kunangesikhathi esidlule. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bunganikeza "ukulawula izinga" lokunakekelwa futhi bungaqeda izinkinga kusenesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuhambisana nezinguquko. Akunangqondo ukuqonda zonke iziguquguquko ezifanele zenkundla yegalofu, ikakhulukazi ezinkundleni zegalofu enyakatho ye-United States ezihlushwa "ukulimala kwasebusika". Ngezinye izikhathi imvelo iyasazisa ukuthi sinokulawula okungakanani (kungashiwo ukuthi kuncane kakhulu). Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, izinkundla eziningi zegalofu enyakatho ye-United States ziye zalahlekelwa kakhulu yingadi ngenxa yokwelashwa kweqhwa neqhwa. Ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ukubulala okuqondile okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa, ukumanzisa okuphezulu noma ukomisa umoya, futhi ezinye zisebenzisa ngisho nezindlela "zokuminyanisa" utshani.
Nakuba ulwazi oluthile lwezolimo lungasetshenziswa ukuvimbela izifo zotshani ebusika, abaphathi abanalo ukulawula okuphelele. Lokho abaphathi botshani abangakwenza ukulawula izici ezithile zempilo yotshani, okungaba amasu okukhulisa utshani, ukushintsha izinhlelo zokukhetha imbewu yotshani, ukunquma ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuvikela izitshalo, ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokukhipha amanzi, ukushintsha amaphethini okukhipha amanzi ebusweni, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukulungisa indawo yokukhula kotshani ngokutshala izihlahla ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhamba komoya. Okulandelayo kuzoxoxa ngezinye zezinyathelo ezisetshenziswayo ukunciphisa umonakalo otshanini ebusika.
A. Inqubo yokuqinisa
Ekwindla nasekuqaleni kobusika, izitshalo ziyamelana nokubanda okuphansi ngokwengeza njalo amazinga amakhulu ama-carbohydrate kanye nezinye izinto ezincibilikisa izakhamzimba emaseli (kukhona i-vacuole enkulu emaseli ezitshalo, equkethe inani elikhulu lamanzi, ebalelwa ngaphezu kuka-85% wesisindo esisha somzimba wesitshalo. Uma amanzi esiseleni ebanda, azobhubhisa isakhiwo seseli futhi abangele ukufa kweseli. Ngakho-ke, ukuze usinde ngempumelelo ebusika, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukubanda esiseleni. Enye indlela ukukhiqiza ushukela oncibilikayo kanye nama-amino acid amaningi ukuze kwandiswe izinto ezincibilikisayo ku-vacuole futhi kwehliswe iphuzu lokubanda. Kodwa-ke, ukwehlisa iphuzu lokubanda ngale ndlela kungasebenza kuphela ngaphezu kuka-5°C okungenani: ngaphansi kuka-5°C, kudinga ukuthembela kuma-macromolecule afana namaprotheni ukuze asebenze). Ukuze izitshalo zotshani zifinyelele ekuqineni okuphelele, kumele zidlule esigabeni sokubanda okungenani inyanga eyodwa, kodwa entwasahlobo, inqubo yokuqina kwezitshalo iphambene (ama-carbohydrate agcinwe emaseli ezicubu kumele adliwe ngokushesha futhi abe luhlaza). Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, amangqamuzana alimele aphinde abhekane nokushisa okuphansi, futhi izinto zawo zangaphakathi zisengozini kakhulu yokushisa okuphansi. Uma amangqamuzana ezicubu zotshani botshani encibilika futhi ehlangabezana nokushisa okuphansi, amangqamuzana ancibilikile azophinde aqine, futhi ancibilike futhi njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Uma lokhu kuphindaphindwa, utshani luzolimala kakhulu. Ucwaningo nezifundo zithole ukuthi izinhlobo ze-bluegrass ezingaqinisiwe ezisengozini zisabela ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. Izinhlobo zotshani ezingaqinisiwe zingabekezelela ama-degrees Fahrenheit angu-23-28, kanti izinhlobo zotshani eziqiniswe ngokuphelele zingasinda kuma-degrees Fahrenheit angu-1-25. Uma kuqhathaniswa, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu elingamelani nokubanda le-bentgrass enwabuzelayo lingafinyelela kuma-degrees Fahrenheit angu-40.
I-Bluegrass ingancibilika ngokushesha ngemva kwamahora angu-48 kuma-degrees Fahrenheit angu-45. Ezingxenyeni zogu oluphakathi ne-Atlantic, amazinga okushisa avame ukushintshashintsha ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Isibonelo, ubusika bokuqala buka-2003-2004 kwakuyisikhathi segolide sokuqina kwezitshalo. Izinga lokushisa endaweni yasePittsburgh lafika kuma-degrees Fahrenheit angu-61 ngoJanuwari 3, futhi izinga lokushisa lehla laya ngaphansi kwezinga leqhwa ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kamuva. Ngaphansi kokuguquguquka okunjalo kokushisa, noma ngabe ulungele futhi uthatha izinyathelo ezinhle zokuzivikela, kungaba "yize" ngokushesha. Ezindaweni ezinezinguquko zokushisa ezingalindelekile,utshani botshanikudingeka sifunde ngokujulile ukuthi singayithuthukisa kanjani “impilo” yotshani esimweni sezulu esibi, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni zotshani okumele zibhekane nemijikelezo yokuqina nokuncibilika ngokushesha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 19-2024