Utshani obakhiwe ngokutshalwa kwezitshalo ezimilayo noma ukuguqulwa kotshani bemvelo okwenziwe ngokwenziwa, okunomsebenzi wokuhlobisa imvelo kanye nenani lokuhlobisa, kancane kancane selube “uphawu lwempilo ephucuzekile, ipharadesi lokubuka indawo nokuphumula, umqaphi wemvelo, kanye nendawo yokulala yabadlali”.
一.Ukuklama utshaninokudala izindawo zengadi
Ukuma kwejamu lotshani kungasetshenziswa ukuklama izindawo ezahlukene zezimbali zotshani ezivamile, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo ezingajwayelekile zingalungisa ubuningi nokujula kwendawo. Lena enye yezindlela zokulima eziveza kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa okuluhlaza njengesizinda, umbala wotshani usetshenziswa kakhulu ukuklama indawo. Ukukhanya nokuhlanzeka kombala wotshani. Ukukhanya kombala wotshani wotshani kuyahlukahluka ngokuhlukahluka kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho. Isiqondiso sezinsika zotshani zotshani singashintshwa ngokusika nokucindezela, ngaleyo ndlela siveze imibala ehlukene yombala. Ngokusebenzisa utshani botshani bokwakheka okuhlukile ukudala izimo, noma ngabe bonke baluhlaza, abantu bangabona umehluko ngokubuka nje, njengokufaka amaphethini amnyama ngemuva elimnyama, umphumela wobuciko uhlukile.
Ekuklanyweni kwendawo yotshani, kufanele kuqashelwe ukungafani kwendawo, ukungafani komthamo kanye nokungafani kombala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuma, ukuguquguquka, umbala kanye nezici zokuhlela zotshani kungasetshenziswa ukuvumelanisa, ukuze kwakhiwe indawo enokungafani okubonakalayo nokwangempela kanye nokushintshana okuncane nokuxineneyo. Ukuqina kotshani kungathambisa imigqa eqinile yesakhiwo futhi kucebise ukwakheka kobuciko besakhiwo. Utshani ngokuvamile busetshenziswa ezingadini zesimanje, kanti ezinye izitshalo zivame ukudingwa ukuklama indawo yotshani. Utshani luhlelwe ezinhlangothini zombili zomgwaqo omkhulu wengadi, okwenza umgwaqo omkhulu ube banzi nendawo ivuleke kakhudlwana. Lapho kuhlelwa utshani eceleni kwendlela, kudingeka izihlahla eziphansi ukuze kuphakanyiswe indawo yomgwaqo omkhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, indlela kanye nendawo kuhlanganiswe ukuklama ijika, okungadala umqondo wobuciko "wezindlela ezigobile eziholela ezindaweni ezikude". Ngakho-ke, utshani obuhlanganiswe nezimbali, izihlahla nezihlahla ngokuvamile bungadala indawo enezingqimba eziningi.
Ukutshala kahle ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kotshani
Kunezindlela ezine zokutshala: ukuhlwanyela, ukutshala, ukubeka amabhlogo otshani kanyeukubeka imiqulu yotshani. Endleleni yokuhlwanyela, ukukhethwa kwembewu kanye nokwelashwa kwembewu kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kunqunywe izindlela zokuhlwanyela nokuhlwanyela; endleleni yokuhlwanyela, indlela yokuhlwanyela kufanele inqunywe, umthombo wotshani kufanele ukhethwe, futhi umthombo wotshani kufanele umbiwe futhi utshalwe; ukubeka amabhlogo otshani kanye nokubeka ama-grass roll kufanele kudlule ekukhetheni imithombo yotshani, ukunqunywa kwamabhlogo otshani, imininingwane yobukhulu be-grass roll, ukuthuthwa kanye nokugcinwa, ukubeka, njll. Izindlela ezahlukene zokubeka zinezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwazo. Lapho kubekwa utshani, indlela efanele yokutshala kufanele ikhethwe ngokwesimo sangempela ukuze kukhiqizwe utshani obungabizi futhi obusezingeni eliphezulu.
1. Ukulungiswa komhlabathi omuhle
Indawo kumele ilungiswe ngokwendlela yokuphakama ngaphambi kokutshala utshani. Imisebenzi eyinhloko ifaka: ukumba (ukuhlela) inhlabathi ekhululekile, ukulinganisa, ukufaka umanyolo, njll., nokushintsha inhlabathi uma kudingeka. Kutshani olunezidingo ezikhethekile njengotshani lwezemidlalo, kufanele kubekwe izindawo zokukhipha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvunda kwenhlabathi, kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo osezingeni eliphezulu njengomanyolo oyisisekelo. Ukuze kuvinjelwe izinambuzane ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi kuvikelwe izimpande ze-lawn tiller, faka inani elifanele lezibulala-zinambuzane ngokulinganayo ngenkathi usebenzisa umanyolo ukuze ugweme ukuthi impuphu ingakhi amaqhubu futhi ithinte ukusinda kwezitshalo zotshani.
2. Hlela uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi kanye nokunisela
Njengezinye izindawo, utshani kudingeka lucabangele ukususwa kwamanzi angaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho kulinganiswe umhlabathi ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukugeleza kwamanzi emhlabathini. Kunezindawo ezigobile ukuze kugwenywe ukuqongelela kwamanzi. Utshani lusebenzisa imithambeka ethambile ukukhipha amanzi. Kwakhiwa umsele othambile othambile endaweni ethile. Engxenyeni engezansi, kungasetshenziswa indawo yokukhipha amanzi emvula ukuze kwamukelwe futhi kukhishwe amanzi angaphezulu, futhi kungakhishwa amanzi ngamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba noma kuxhunywe ngqo echibini ngomsele. Ubuso obufanele botshani obuyisicaba kufanele bube phezulu kancane phakathi futhi buthambekele kancane kancane onqenqemeni oluzungezile noma onqenqemeni. Utshani obuyisicaba kakhulu noma obunamazinga aphezulu kakhulu angaphansi komhlaba noma ukuqongelela amanzi amaningi kakhulu, utshani bezemidlalo, njll., kufanele bonke bafakwe amapayipi afihliwe noma imisele evulekile yokukhipha amanzi. Indawo yokukhipha amanzi ephelele kakhulu ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwamapayipi afihliwe oluxhunywe endaweni yamanzi yamahhala noma inethiwekhi yokukhipha amanzi. Njengamanje, utshani oluningi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe lusebenzisa ukuchelela nge-sprinkler. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, inethiwekhi yokufafaza kufanele igqitshwe ngaphambi kokulinganiswa kokugcina kwendawo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-16-2024