ukunisela
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi egalofu kuyindaba ebucayi, ikakhulukazi eShayina, ebekwe endaweni ye-121 kuphela emhlabeni ngokwemithombo yamanzi yomuntu ngamunye. Ukongiwa kwamanzi bekulokhu kuyindaba ebalulekile yokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngokusho kwe-“Toward White Paper – China Golf Industry Report” ka-2011, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuvamile ngonyaka kwezindawo zokudlala ezinemigodi engu-18 ezweni lami cishe kungamathani angu-323,000, okuphakeme ngo-58% kunesibalo esifanayo e-United States samathani angu-188,000. Ukulawula okuvame ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokunisela enkundleni yegalofu ukusebenzisa amakhompyutha ukubala ingcindezi, ukugeleza kwamanzi, usayizi we-nozzle, ifasitela lamanzi, iphesenti lokulungisa, isivinini somoya, izinga lokushisa, ukujikeleza kwegazi nokungena, ukuvulwa kwesango nesikhathi sokuphela kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ukulawula utshani enkundleni yegalofu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, okungazibophezeli, lokho kuyigxathu elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma nje kukhona ukungahambi kahle kokujikeleza, umlomo ugqokile noma usetshenziswe kabi, ukwakheka komlomo kukubi, noma umlomo ujikeleza ngokushesha kakhulu noma kancane kakhulu, kuzobhubhisa umphumela wokwenza ngcono uhlelo lokunisela nge-computer sprinkler. Lokhu ngeke kunciphise kuphela umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwawo, kodwa futhi kuzothinta nokulondoloza amanzi akusizi ngalutho.
Ukuze kufezwe ukulondolozwa kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ekuniseleni, ukufana kwamanzi okunisela kuyisici esibalulekile. Ukufana kokunisela okubi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko esenza inkundla yegalofu ibe manzi usuku lonke, futhi futhi kuyisici esiyinhloko esibangela imfucuza yamanzi. Izindleko zokwakha inkundla yegalofu enemigodi eyi-18 esezingeni eliphezulu cishe zingama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-80, kodwa abatshalizimali abaningi batshale imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 zama-yuan ukwakha izinkundla ezijwayelekile. Umphumela wokwakha ukunciphisa izindleko ngokweqile. Ukucindezela okuvame kakhulu uhlelo lokunisela kanye nokukhipha amanzi, olungabonakali kodwa olubaluleke kakhulu ekugcinweni kamuva. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lokunisela alunazo izinsiza ezanele futhi alunazo izisekelo zemishini yehadiwe esezingeni eliphezulu yokonga amanzi, kubangela ukuthi ukulungiswa kwenkundla kamuva kusebenzise amanzi. Hlala uphezulu. Uhlelo lokunisela oluklanywe kahle nolusezingeni eliphezulu luhlinzeka ngokusatshalaliswa okulinganayo kwamanzi okunisela ngesistimu, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe ukumanzisa ngokweqile kanye nokomisa ngokweqile. Inkundla yegalofu enemigodi eyi-18 e-United States inabasebenzi bokulungisa abangaba ngu-20 kanye nomqondisi. Lokhu akuhlukaniseki nezinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwemishini ezinkundleni zegalofu zaseMelika, ukwahlukaniswa okucacile kwemisebenzi ngumqondisi, kanye nokusebenza kahle nangokunembile kwezisebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisekelo esihle esabekwa ekwakhiweni kwasekuqaleni kwenkundla yezemidlalo yisona sizathu esiyinhloko. Izinhlelo zabo zokunisela kanye namapayipi azilungiswa kakhulu, kanti eShayina, izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zizovela ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu yokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlela okunengqondo esigabeni sokuqala sokwakha kuyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokuqinisekisa amanzi okunisela afanayo ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukulondolozwa kwamanzi ekuniseleni.
Okwezwe lethuizinkundla zegalofu, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezibandayo, ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokunganisela, ngokuvamile kwanele ukuhlola uhlelo lokunisela kanye ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuqala ukunisela entwasahlobo. Esifundeni esiseningizimu, ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokunisela ngisho nesidingo sokunisela unyaka wonke, uhlelo lokunisela luvame ukudingeka luhlolwe okungenani kabili ngonyaka. Kodwa empeleni, ukuhlolwa lapha kufanele kubhekisele ekuhlolweni okuphelele kwamapayipi, izinhlelo zokulawula, njll., ngoba ngisho nenhlanganisela yokufafaza/ye-nozzle engcono kakhulu ingase ingasebenzi kahle maqondana nokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi okunisela ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi esithile. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kudinga Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwansuku zonke kohlelo lokunisela, abasebenzi botshani benza izinguquko ezifika ngesikhathi nezifanele ohlelweni lokunisela ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela, futhi lokhu kulungiswa kulula kakhulu kunalokho ebesikulindele. Udinga nje ukuhlola ukuthi i-engeli yokufafaza ye-nozzle ngayinye isethwe kahle, ukuthi ukuzungeza kwe-nozzle kujwayelekile, ukuthi ngabe kukhona ama-blade otshani, izimpande zotshani kanye neminye imfucumfucu ethinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-nozzle, ukuthi i-nozzle igugile, ukuthi indandatho yokuvala iyavuza, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi kutholakala nokuthi igobolondo le-nozzle liphukile Futhi isihlungi esakhelwe ngaphakathi se-nozzle sivalekile. Izinkinga eziningi ezingenhla akunzima ukuzithola nokuzixazulula. Uma nje abasebenzi benaka kancane, inkundla ingonga imali eningi. Umbiko wocwaningo ovela eCalifornia Sprinkler Irrigation Technology Research Center ukhombisa ukuthi kuyadingeka nje ukushintsha ikhanda le-sprinkler elijikelezayo noma ukwenza ezinye izinyathelo zokulungisa, njengokulungisa i-engeli nokuphakama kwekhanda le-sprinkler, ukuze ulibuyisele esimweni salo esifanele. Ngale ndlela, ukulungiswa okucashile kungalungisa ukufana kokufutha ngamanzi, futhi konge kalula cishe u-6.5% wamanzi wokunisela nge-sprinkler. Futhi lokhu konga amanzi kuphela. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwephampu yamanzi nakho kungonga amandla futhi kwandise impilo yephampu yamanzi cishe iminyaka emi-2.
Ukuze sinisele izinkundla eziningi zegalofu,ukubhoboza ngqoimithombo yokupompa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba asezingeni eliphezulu, noma ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile avela emifuleni nasemachibini ukunisela. Lokhu kuzobangela ukuncintisana nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi asemadolobheni, amanzi okuphuza asemakhaya abantu nemfuyo, kanye nokunisela kwezolimo namahlathi, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ngokweqile enkundleni yegalofu. Isimo esikhulu, esingesihle njengokonga izinsiza. Ukonga amanzi avela emthonjeni kufanele kube yinto eza kuqala ezinkundleni zegalofu zanamuhla: imithombo yamanzi engasetshenziswa yinkundla yegalofu ifaka amanzi asechibini elisendle enkundleni yegalofu, amanzi angcolile asekhaya avela endlini yeklabhu kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ezizungezile; kanye nemvula yemvelo, ukwakha ezinye izindawo zokusebenzisa amanzi emvula enkundleni yegalofu, nokuqoqa ngokuphelele izindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo, Amanzi emvula emigwaqweni, izindawo zokupaka kanye nophahla lokwakha. Lawa manzi ayaphathwa futhi abe ngamanzi ampunga, angasetshenziswa ukunisela utshani lwenkundla futhi akhe uchungechunge lwamanzi olujikelezayo ngaphakathi kwendawo. Asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokusebenzisa amanzi ampunga ukulimaza ikhwalithi yotshani. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukunisela ngamanzi ampunga kuphephile otshanini futhi umphumela ungcono kunokusebenzisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba asezingeni eliphezulu ukunisela. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi ampunga aqukethe izinto ezithile eziphilayo, awagcini nje ngokunciphisa umthelela emanzini okuphuza angaphansi komhlaba asezingeni eliphezulu. Ukumba kungasindisa nezindleko eziningi zomanyolo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-28-2024