I-Golf Course Green Lawn Construction-One

Njengengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yegalofu, okuluhlaza kunezidingo eziqinile kakhulu zekhwalithi ye-turf. Ukuthi ngabe utshani obuluhlaza butshalwe kahle noma cha buhlobene ngokuqondile nokuthi bangahlangabezana nezidingo ezifanele zabadlali nobunzima bokugcina ukulungiswa okuluhlaza osezingeni eliphezulu ngokuzayo. Ngakho-ke, ukusungulwa okufanele nokugcinwa kokubekautshani obuluhlazakubaluleke kakhulu. Izinyathelo zokwakha zichazwe ngezansi:

一. Ukulungiselela umbhede wesiteji

Ngemuva kokuqedwa kohlaza okuluhlaza, ingxube yezimpande ibekelwe, futhi umsebenzi wokuphuculwa kwenhlabathi usuqediwe ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ingxube yezimpande. Ngakho-ke, awukho umsebenzi wokwakha wombhede osicaba phakathi nenqubo yokusungulwa kweGreen Lawn. Ukulungiselela umbhede oluhlaza kudinga ukulungisa inani lenhlabathi, kubulala amagciwane embhedeni, ukufaka umanyolo wesisekelo, futhi kubushelelezi ingaphezulu kohlaza.

1.Ukulungiswa kwenani le-PH yenhlabathi embhedeni ofuywayo: Iningi lomsebenzi wokulungiswa kwe-PH kufanele ligcwaliswe ngaphambi kokutshala. Izinto zokulungisa ukulungiswa kufanele zixutshwe okungenani engxenyeni engenhla ye-Root ungqimba 10 kuya ku-15cm ekujuleni. ILimestone Yezolimo isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenhlabathi ye-acidic. Ukulungisa izinhlayiya ezinhle kulungele ukusabela kwayo ngokushesha. Imabula isetshenziswa inhlabathi ene-acidic equkethe insimbi ne-magnesium. Isibabule ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa emhlabathini omkhulu we-alkaline. Inani lokuhlanganiswa okusetshenzisiwe lisuselwa emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi. Ukucabanga ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Root Layer kuyafana futhi kuxutshwe kahle, isilinganiso esisetshenziswe kuwo wonke ama-greens kufanele sifane. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izinto zokwenza izimo zingaxutshwa ngemuva kokuthi kufakwe umxube we-Root Indlela yokugcina iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke impahla ixubene kahle kwingxube yezimpande yezimpande ukuze ilungise i-PH, kepha kungenzeka ukufaka inani elikhudlwana lezinto ezibonakalayo.

I-2 I-Fumigation iyindlela ephumelela kakhudlwana yokubulala inhlabathi. Ama-fumigants asetshenziswa kaningi afaka i-methyl bromide, i-chloride, i-methyl bromide, njll. Ukuhlwanyela kungenziwa ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-5 ngemuva kokufumuka. Ukuthi ngabe umbhede oluhlaza udinga ukubulawa magciwane kuya ngesimo esithile. Ngokuvamile, kudinga ukwenziwa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo: ① Izindawo ezihlaselwa yi-Nematode-Izindawo ② Ukhula - izindawo ezisindayo

3. Faka isicelo somanyolo wesisekelo: Cishe zonke izingqimba eziluhlaza eziluhlaza zidinga ukusebenzisa inani elithile lomanyolo wesisekelo ngaphambi kokutshala. Uhlobo lomanyolo wesisekelo kanye nenani elidingekayo lesicelo kufanele linqunywe ngokususelwa kwizidingo zezinhlobonhlobo zezomthetho kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa yenhlabathi okuqukethwe kwenhlabathi. I-P no-knyolo k ngumanyolo womanyolo womabili kumanyolo wesisekelo. Uma ungqimba lwezimpande luyisihlabathi ikakhulukazi, kuvame ukuntula ngezinto ezilandelwayo.

Umanyolo wesisekelo kufanele usetshenziswe kungqimba yezimpande 10 kuya ku-15cm ejulile ebusweni, futhi uxutshwe ngokulinganayo ngengxube yezimpande. Kwesinye isikhathi isisekelo siyasetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa ingxube yezimpande.

Umbhede ocwebezelayo futhi obushelelezi: Ngemuva komanyolo wesisekelo uyasetshenziswa, ingaphezulu kohlaza kufanele lithambekele kahle ukuze kudale umbhede omanzi omanzi ngesakhiwo se-granular futhi akukho zindawo zomhlabathi. Kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa okukhethekile lapho kubhekwa umbhede wethayili ukuvikela yonke ingxenye encane yokwakheka okuluhlaza okwenziwe ngumqambi, gcina ukwelashwa kwayo koqobo, futhi wenze ukwelashwa okukhona kokwenza indawo embhedeni omnene, bushelelezi futhi.

二. Ukutshala

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokwakhiwa okuluhlaza kwegalofu entsha: ukusakazwa kwembewu kanye nokusakazeka kwemifino, lapho ukusakazwa kwezimila kungahlukaniswa khona ngezindlela ezine: ukusakaza, ukutshala kokuphatha, ukutshala i-plug. Zombili lezi zindlela zingasetshenziselwa i-Bentgrass, kepha ziguqulwe (iPharadesi) Bermudagrass zingasakazwa kuphela. Imifino ye-Bentgrass yakhiwa kakhulu kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Isizathu esiyisisekelo ukuthi zishibhile futhi zilula. I-sodding nayo iyakuhle lapho kudinga ukwakhiwa kabusha ngokushesha ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuze kusetshenziswe, kepha i-sod esetshenzisiwe kufanele itshalwe emhlabathini ofana nongqimba oluhlaza okotshani oluhlaza okotshani.

Ukutshala kufanele kuqalwe ngemuva kokuthi ungqimba olusha lwezimpande luhlale ngokuphelele. Sebenzisa i-compactor yamandla ukuze uhlanganise umbhede. Noma ngabe kuhlwanyela imbewu noma ukutshala imizimba yemifino, iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqalisa ukuvikela umehluko ongaphezulu futhi kugcinwe indawo ebushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka. Manje sizoyicacisa ngayo kusuka ezicini ezimbili ezihlukile: isizini yokutshala nendlela yokutshala.

Isikhathi sokutshala: Isikhathi sokutshala sotshani siyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakha utshani obufanayo. Amanye amaphrojekthi enkundleni yegalufu kufanele adale izimo ezinhle zephrojekthi yokutshala yotshani ukuze ukutshala kotshani kungenziwa ngesizini efanele. Isici esiyinhloko esithinta isikhathi sokuqalwa kwe-LALN yizimo zokushisa. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lokuhluma kwembewu ye-turfgrass epholile ngo-15-28 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa elilungile lokuhluma kwembewu ye-Turfgrass ye-9-35 ° C. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lokukhula kwesithombo lingu-25~35 ℃. Isikhathi esihle sokutshala isizini esipholile sesizini sisuka ngasekupheleni kwasehlobo kuya ekuweni kusenesikhathi, ukuze izithombo zibe nesikhathi esanele sokukhula futhi zikhule zibe otshanini ngaphambi kobusika ziyeza. I-turfgrass ye-Cool-Season ingatshalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokushisa komhlabathi ophansi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezomthetho ezintsha kuhamba kancane, kanti utshani obusebasha kufanele bathole ukucindezela okuphikisayo kwemvelo ehlobo. I-TO COOL-Season Turfgrass ngokuvamile ayitshalwa ehlobo. . Isikhathi sokutshala esihle kakhulu se-turfgrass esifudumele ukusuka entwasahlobo sekwephuzile kuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo, okungagcini ngokunikeza indawo yokushisa enhle yokuhluma imbewu, kepha futhi ihlinzeka isikhathi eside ngokwanele nokukhula kwezithombo kanye nentuthuko eyanele yezithombo ezincane.

2 Imifino ebuhlungu emincane ngokuvamile ihlwanyelwa imbewu, kanti ama-bermudagrass greens ajwayele ukuhlwanyelwa kwesiqu. Indlela ye-Paving neTurfing ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuvuselela ama-greens bese ifaka kabusha i-turf efile kuma-greens, ukuze ifinyelele inhloso yokuguqula ngokushesha imifino ibe amafulethi bese uyisebenzisa ngokushesha okukhulu.

2.1 Ukuhlwanyela Kwembewu: Kunamasu amathathu okufanele unake lapho imbewu ehlwanyelwa emifino: Ukuhlwanyela ukujula, ukuhlwanyela ukufana kanye nesimo sokufakwa kwembewu. Imbewu ye-bencrass ekhazimulayo incane kakhulu futhi idinga ukujula okuhlwanyelwe okungajulile, ngokuvamile 2 kuya ku-5mm. Ukuhlwanyela okujulile kuzonciphisa izinga lokuvela kwembewu; Ukuthi ukuhlwanyela kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni okusheshayo nowona yunifomu kotshani obuluhlaza. Ukuze uqinisekise ukumbozwa kwembewu okuluhlaza, ungahlukanisa okuluhlaza kube yizindawo ezimbalwa ezincane, uhlwanyele ezindaweni ezihlukile, bese uhlwanyela ezinkomba ezimbili ze-perpendicular. Ukuthi imbewu ifakelwe ngokuphelele izothinta ukuhluma kwembewu kanye nezinga lokusinda kwezithombo. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, sebenzisa ama-roller acindezela umbhede oyisicaba ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okusondele phakathi kwembewu nenhlabathi. Ngokuvamile, ama-roller ngesisindo sika-0.5 ~ 0.8t afaneleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ukunciphisa inani labantu abahamba embhedeni oluhlaza ukuze ugweme imidwebo yezinyawo ezedlulele embhedeni oluhlaza.

Ukuhlwanyela kungenziwa ngesandla noma ngomshini. Lapho uhlwanyela ngesandla, ingxube yezimpande eluhlaza imbewu kanye nembewu kungahlanganiswa ngokulinganayo ngesilinganiso esithile, bese kusakazeka ngesandla. Ukuxuba imbewu ngesihlabathi kuzosiza ukusakaza imbewu ngokulinganayo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwemishini kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izithombo ezicindezelayo, izithombo zezandla noma izifutho ze-hydraulic. Ukubeka imifino kuvame ukuhlwanyelwa nge-hand-push push. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe kwijubane lokuhamba elifanayo, futhi inani lesihlwanyelo se-serder kufanele lishintshwe ngokufanele ukufeza inhloso yokuthola imbewu. Ukuze unciphise imidwebo yezinyawo eshiywe embhedeni oluhlaza,I-Hydraulic Senerskwesinye isikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukutshala okuluhlaza. Noma ngabe ukuhlwanyelwa kwemishini noma ukuhlwanyelwa kwencwajana, kufanele kwenziwe ngesimo sezulu esingenamoya, futhi ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuvikela imbewu ekutshaleni ngaphandle kokuluhlaza.

Ukunisela komlilo kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Kubalulekile ukugcina umswakama wangaphansi ngesikhathi sokutshala ukuvikela imbewu ukuthi ikhishwe ngaphandle futhi ilahlekelwe yikhono labo lokumila.

2.2 STEM kanye nokuhlwanyela kwegatsha: Izindlela zencwajana noma zemishini nazo zingasetshenziswa ukutshala ama-solon namagatsha kotshani. Inqubo yendabuko yokutshala imifino eneziqu namagatsha imi ngalendlela elandelayo:

Sika iziqu kanye namagatsha abe iziqu ezimfishane 2 kuya ku-5cm ubude;

② Fafaza ingxenye yeziqu namagatsha embhedeni oluhlaza;

③use i-roller ukukhipha iziqu kanye negatsha legatsha ukuze zixhumane ngokugcwele nombhede oyisicaba;

④Ingcingo ngengxube yezimpande eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukushuba ka 2 kuya ku-5 mm;

⑤ Sebenzisa i-roller ukukhipha amagatsha ukuze uxhumane ngokugcwele nenhlabathi futhi wenze ingaphezulu bushelelezi.

Lapho usebenzisa ukuhlwanyela iziqu namagatsha ukwakha ithala, kufanele kubhekwe ukunakwa okukhethekile ekugcineni iziqu namagatsha amasha. Zonke iziqu namagatsha kufanele zihlwanyelwe kungakapheli izinsuku ezi-2 ngemuva kokuvunwa. Izinga lokushisa elifanele, umswakama kanye nomoya omncane kufanele kugcinwe ngesikhathi sokugcina. Amagatsha abe ophuzi ngenxa yokushisa nowomile ngenxa yokulahleka kwamanzi kufanele aqoqwe. Akumele isetshenziselwe ukuhlwanyela imbewu.

2.3 Inani Lokuhlwanyelwa (isiqu) Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, izinkomba ezinjengezinga lokuhluma imbewu kanye nobungqabavu bembewu kufanele kuhlolwe ukuthola isilinganiso esifanele sokutshala imbewu. Izinga elifanelekile lezinhlamvu zembewu eluhlaza otshani kufanele kube kangangokuba izitshalo ezincane zomtholo zifinyelela ezitshalweni eziyi-15,000 kuya kwezingu-25,000 ngemitha yesikwele. Asikho isilinganiso esiqinile sokuhlola isilinganiso sokuhlwanyelwa kweziqu namagatsha, futhi ngokuvamile sinqunywa ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho.

2.4 Ukutshala iTurf: Ukutshala ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa kuphela ukuvuselelwa okuluhlaza nokwakhiwa kabusha. Le ndlela ayivamile ukusetshenziswa lapho utshani obuluhlaza butshalwe okokuqala ngqa. I-turf esetshenziselwe ukufakwa izoba ungqimba olulodwa lwezimila oluqukethe izinhlobonhlobo ze-weed-free kanye nohlobo lomhlabathi wezimpande olufana nohlobo lomhlabathi wezimpande lapho i-turf izotshalwa khona. I-turf ibekwe eluhlaza okotshani ngokuvamile inqunywe izingcezu eziphansi ze-0.6m × 0.6m, kanye nobukhulu besikhumba nenhlabathi akufanele kudlule 1.5cm. Amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele anake lapho ubeka utshani obuluhlaza: ① Lapho ubeka i-turf eluhlaza, amabhlogo we-turf phakathi kwemigqa nemigqa namakholomu kufanele athuke ukuvikela imishini phakathi kwamabhulokhi aqondile ekwakheni umugqa oqondile. ② Qaphela lapho uhambisa izingcezu ze-turf ukugwema ukwelula noma ukuklebhula i-turf.  Ukunaka ngokukhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphetho yamabhlokhi amabili e-turf asondelene nayo ixhumeke futhi ingenamthungo, futhi ayikwazi ukudlula komunye nomunye. ④ Ngesikhathi senqubo yokutshala, amabhodi ezinkuni kufanele asethelwe abantu ukuthi baqhubeke nokugwema imibono yedlulele embhedeni oluhlaza.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-turf ibekwe, isakaza isihlabathi bese ifinyelela kwezinye izindawo ngokuxhumana okumpofu kanye nezikhala ukwenza i-lawn ingabushelelezi futhi icaba. Ngemuva kwalokho, cindezela ucindezele futhi unisela. Ukunisela ngesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni okunempilo kotshani. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, njalo ngesonto, inani elincane lenhlabathi kufanele lisetshenziswe esifundeni. Izinto zomhlabathi ezisetshenzisiwe ebusweni kufanele zifane nenhlabathi engxenyeni yezimpande ezingaphansi komhlaba.