1. Amanzi ayisisekelo sezinkundla zegalofu. Ukuntuleka kwemithombo yamanzi emhlabeni wonke kanye nenani elikhulu lamanzi asetshenziswa ezinkundleni zegalofu kwenze ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezinkundleni zegalofu kwaba yinto ebalulekile emphakathini nakwabezindaba. Imithombo yamanzi ayitholakali kalula ezindaweni eziningi zezwe lami, ikakhulukazi enyakatho, okwenze ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwangempela kwezinkundla zegalofu kanye nomthelela ongaba khona wokusetshenziswa kwamanzi emvelweni kwaba yinto ekhathaza wonke umuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zamanzi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezindleko zokusebenza kwezinkundla zegalofu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yinto ebulalayo kakhulu ethinta izinkundla zegalofu. Ngenxa yokusebenza kahle "okubanzi" nokuphansi kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi, imfucuza iyamangaza. Ukonga amanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwemithombo yamanzi sekuyinto ebalulekile emphakathini wanamuhla kanye nomsebenzi omkhulu ohlobene nokusinda kwezinkundla zegalofu. Njengemboni entsha nekhethekile ezwenikazi, isidingo esikhulu samanzi embonini yezinkundla zegalofu kufanele sidonsele ukunaka okubanzi. Indlela yokunqoba izici ezithinta izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi ukuze imithombo yamanzi ikwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe kahle isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwegalofu. Lesi sihloko sisebenzisa kakhulu ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi, ukuhlaziywa kwamacala, kanye nezingxoxo zochwepheshe. Kusukela esimweni samanje sokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi ezinkundleni zegalofu, kuhlanganiswe nesimo sangempela samakilabhu egalofu, lesi sihloko sithola izinkinga ezikhona ekusetshenzisweni kwamanje kwemithombo yamanzi ezinkundleni zegalofu futhi siphakamisa izixazululo ezifanele.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo esiyisisekelo sokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi kuIzinkundla zegalofu zaseShayina
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezinkundleni zegalofu kuhlobene kakhulu nezici ezifana nezinga lesomiso (imvula), ukuhwamuka kwenhlabathi, izici zokufunwa kwamanzi zezinhlobo zotshani obuluhlaza, ukuma komhlaba, izindlela zokunisela, kanye nezinga lokuphatha. Kwezinye izindawo, ukunisela kusetshenziswa kuphela ukwengeza imvula yemvelo, kanti kwezinye izindawo, ukunisela kuwukuphela komthombo wamanzi ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinkundla zegalofu ezifundeni ezahlukene ngisho nasesifundeni esifanayo, futhi enkundleni ethile yegalofu, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezindaweni ezahlukene nakho kuhlukile. Ngisho nasendaweni efanayo yenkundla yegalofu, isizini esetshenziswa kakhulu ngamanzi yihlobo, kanti izinkathi eziphansi kakhulu yintwasahlobo, ikwindla, kanye nobusika.
Kunemithombo eminingi yamanzi okunisela ezinkundleni zegalofu, okuhlanganisa amanzi omthombo, amanzi echibi, amanzi echibi, amanzi okugcina amanzi, amanzi omfula, amanzi omfula, amanzi okuphuza omphakathi, indle ehlanziwe, njll. Esetshenziswa kakhulu ukunisela ngamanzi omthombo. Indle ehlanziwe (amanzi aphinde asetshenziswe) iyindlela yokuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yamanzi okunisela enkundleni yegalofu. Amanzi aphinde asetshenziswa aqukethe izakhamzimba ezicebile njenge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, ne-potassium, okuyimithombo yezakhamzimba zokukhula kotshani. Ngakho-ke, ukunisela utshani kunikeza indawo engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa amanzi aphinde asetshenziswa. Uhlelo oluphelele lokukhipha amanzi kanye nohlelo lokunisela luwusizo kakhulu ekulondolozweni kwamanzi ezinkundleni zegalofu. Uhlelo oluphelele nolusebenzayo lokukhipha amanzi lunomthelela omkhulu ekuqoqweni kwamanzi okunisela kanye namanzi emvula, okungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemithombo yamanzi futhi kufeze injongo yokongiwa kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezwe, ukwakheka kwamanzi enkundleni yegalofu kumele kube nemisebenzi eminingi njengokugcina amanzi kanye nokunisela.
3. Izici ezithinta izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi egalofu
3.1 Umthelela wokwakhiwa kwenkundla yegalofu ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yamanzi
Indawo evamile yenkundla yegalofu ejwayelekile ingamahektare angu-911, lapho u-67% wayo uyindawo yotshani edinga ukunakekelwa. Ukunciphisa indawo yokulungisa yenkundla yegalofu kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa nezokwakha yenkundla yegalofu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi.
3.2 Umthelela wesimo sezulu endaweni lapho inkundla yegalofu ikhona khona esilinganisweni sokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi
Imvula endaweni lapho kutholakala khona inkundla yegalofu inobuhlobo obuhle nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi yenkundla yegalofu. Izinkundla zegalofu ezindaweni ezinemvula eningi zivame ukuba nesidingo esiphansi semithombo yamanzi kunalezo ezisezindaweni ezinemvula eningi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi ezindaweni ezinemvula eningi aliphezulu njengasezindaweni ezinemvula eningi.
3.3 Umthelela wezindlela zokunisela ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yamanzi
Ukunisela kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvala ukuntuleka kwemvula yemvelo ngobuningi kanye nokungalingani ngesikhathi nendawo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi adingekayo ekukhuleni kotshani ahlangatshezwa ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, ekuhleleni nasekuklameni, kufanele siqale silwele ukusebenzisa amanzi angcolile ahlanziwe noma amanzi angaphezulu njengomthombo wamanzi, futhi sigweme ukusebenzisa ngqo amanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi okuphuza ahlinzekwa yinethiwekhi yamapayipi kamasipala njengamanzi okunisela afafazayo. Ngokusobala, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokunisela ezonga amanzi kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi.
3.4 Umthelela wokufakwa kwamapayipi ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yamanzi
Uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi egalofu ludinga ukucabangela umthelela wemvula eningi ohlelweni lokukhipha amanzi ekuqaleni komklamo, ukuze amapayipi axhumanisa ichibi legalofu angaphazanyiswa futhi uhlelo lokunisela lube namanzi anele okunisela. Uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi oluphelele kanye nohlelo lokunisela luwusizo kakhulu ekongeni amanzi enkundleni yegalofu.
3.5 Ithonya lokukhethwa okunengqondo kwezinhlobo zotshani
Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi liwukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphelele kotshani obufakwe utshani kanye nokuhwamuka komhlabathi ongaphezulu lapho kukhula khona utshani. Ezinkundleni zegalofu, isidingo samanzi sokukhula kotshani siyingxenye enkulu kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi enkundleni yegalofu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kotshani kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokusinda nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yengadi. Ukukhetha izinhlobo zotshani ezinkundleni zegalofu kunganquma kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi enkundleni yegalofu. Ukukhetha izinhlobo zotshani ezinesidingo samanzi esiphansi kanye nokumelana nokushisa nesomiso kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi enkundleni yegalofu.
Ngamafuphi, ukwakheka kwenkundla kunomthelela omkhulu esilinganisweni sokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi. Ukwakheka kokunciphisa indawo yokunisela kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwenkundla; inani lemvula endaweni lapho inkundla ikhona lithinta izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi yenkundla. Ukuqinisa isimo sengqondo sabasebenzi ezindaweni ezinemvula eningi ngokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kungathuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi; ukukhetha ukuchelela nge-sprinkler ukuze kuchelelwe inkundla kunganciphisa ukumoshwa kwemithombo yamanzi futhi kwandise izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi; ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zotshani ezingamelani nesomiso kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi enkundleni futhi kwenze izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi lanele; ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwezindawo zombhobho wenkundla ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekulondolozweni kwemithombo yamanzi; izinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo yendawo, kanye nesimo sengqondo sikahulumeni ngemithombo yamanzi kunomthelela omkhulu esilinganisweni senkundla ngemithombo yamanzi.
Kuphakanyiswa ukwandisa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kwemithombo yamanzi ngokwesisekelo esikhona, ukwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuphindeni kusetshenziswe imithombo yamanzi, ukwakha amadamu okugcina amanzi ukuze kwandiswe ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kanye nokuhlungwa kwamanzi emvula namanzi esibili, kanye nokusebenzisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngendlela enengqondo. Lezi zinyathelo zizokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhetha okwengeziwe kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi enkundleni yegalofu. Isibonelo,ukuwasha ngesihlabathiAmanzi eGuangzhou Fengshen Golf Club akhishwa ngqo emgodini wokuhambisa amanzi, okubangele ukumoshwa okukhulu kwemithombo yamanzi. Ngokusho kocwaningo, kudingeka amanzi angu-5-8m3 ukugeza isihlabathi esingu-1m3. Inkundla yegalofu idinga isihlabathi esingu-10m3 (isihlabathi esihlanziwe) nsuku zonke, kanti amanzi adingekayo angaba ngu-100m3. Kulesi simo, uma amanzi okugeza isihlabathi engaqoqwa, kungafakwa idamu lokugeza amanzi futhi amanzi angaminza, angasetshenziswa ngqo ekuniseleni nasekuhlanzeni isihlabathi okwesibili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlunga amanzi aminza kungandisa okuqukethwe kwamaminerali nezinto eziphilayo emanzini.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-24-2024