Izimiso zokunakekelwa kwezindawo zotshani yilezi: ezifanayo, ezihlanzekile futhi ezingenakungcola, futhi ezihlala ziluhlaza unyaka wonke. Ngokusho kolwazi, ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphathwa okujwayelekile, izindawo zotshani eziluhlaza zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine ngokuya ngobude besikhathi sokutshala. Esokuqala ukutshala kuze kube yisigaba esigcwele, okubhekisela ekutshalweni kokuqala kwezindawo zotshani kanye nesigaba sokutshala kuze kube unyaka owodwa noma ukumbozwa okugcwele (okugcwele ngo-100% ngaphandle kwendawo evulekile), okubizwa nangokuthi isigaba esigcwele. Esesibili yisigaba sokukhula esichumayo, okubhekisela eminyakeni engu-2-5 ngemva kokufakelwa, okubizwa nangokuthi isikhathi sokuchuma. Esesithathu yisigaba sokukhula esihamba kancane, okubhekisela eminyakeni engu-6-10 ngemva kokufakelwa, okubizwa nangokuthi isigaba sokukhula esihamba kancane. Esesine yisigaba sokubola, okubhekisela eminyakeni engu-10-15 ngemva kokufakelwa, okubizwa nangokuthi isikhathi sokubola. Ngezinga eliphakeme lokugcinwa nokuphathwa, isikhathi sokubola kwezindawo zotshani zaseTaiwan singabambezeleka ngeminyaka engu-5-8. Isikhathi sokubola kwezindawo zotshani eziqhubekayo ze-coniferous singemva kweminyaka engu-3-5 kunezindawo zotshani zaseTaiwan, kanti isikhathi sokubola kwezindawo zotshani ezinamahlamvu amakhulu singemva kweminyaka engu-3-5.
1. Ukuphathwa kwesigaba sokululama
Ngokwezidingo zomklamo kanye nenqubo, umbhede wotshani obusanda kutshalwa kumele ususwe ngokuphelele imbewu yokhula kanye nezimpande zotshani, ugcwaliswe ngenhlabathi emsulwa, uklwejwe uqonde futhi uhlanganiswe ube ngaphezu kuka-10 cm ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe utshani. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokutshala utshani: ukutshala utshani okugcwele kanye nokutshala utshani okunciphile. Ngokuvamile, isikwele sotshani esingama-20 × 20 cm sisetshenziselwa amabala amancane. Isiqephu esigcwele asinasikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi futhi sinesikhathi sokululama sezinsuku ezingu-7-10 kuphela. Kuthatha isikhathi esithile ukuthi u-50% wendawo evulekile yamabala amancane agcwale. Ukutshala utshani entwasahlobo kanye Utshani obusetshenziswa ehlobo buthatha inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezimbili kuphela ukuvuthwa, kanti utshani obusetshenziswa ekwindla nasebusika buthatha izinyanga ezingu-2-3 ukuvuthwa ngokugcwele. Ngokuphathelene nokugcinwa nokuphathwa, kugxilwe ekuphathweni kwamanzi nomanyolo. Entwasahlobo, awanabala, ehlobo awanalanga, kanti ekwindla nasebusika, utshani busetshenziswa ukuvimbela umoya nokufuma. Ngokuvamile, fafaza amanzi kanye ekuseni nakusihlwa kungakapheli isonto ngemuva kokufaka utshani, bese uhlola ukuthi utshani buhlanganisiwe yini. Izimpande zotshani ziyadingeka ukuba zibe seduze nenhlabathi. Futha amanzi kanye kusihlwa amasonto amabili noma amabili ngemva kokufaka. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, fafaza amanzi kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kuye ngokuthi isizini nesimo sezulu sinjani, ikakhulukazi ukuze ufumise. Faka umanyolo njalo ngesonto elilodwa kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemva kokutshala. Sebenzisa isisombululo se-urea esingu-1-3% kuhlanganiswe nokunisela kanye nokufutha. Hlanza kuqala bese ujiya. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, sebenzisa amakhilogremu angu-4-6 e-urea ngehektare kanye ngenyanga. Faka okomile ngezinsuku zemvula. , faka uketshezi ngosuku olunelanga, futhi konke kuzogcwala. Uma utshani buphakeme ngo-8-10 cm, bunqume nge-umgundi wotshaniUkususa ukhula kufanele kwenziwe kusenesikhathi cishe ngemva kwengxenye yenyanga emva kokutshala, noma ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari. Uma ukhula luqala ukukhula, gwema futhi usiphule utshani ngesikhathi, bese ulucindezela ngemva kokumba ukuze ugweme ukuthinta ukukhula kotshani obuyinhloko. Utshani obusanda kutshalwa ngokuvamile abunazo izifo nezinambuzane futhi abudingi ukufafazwa. Ukuze kusheshiswe ukukhula, i-0.1-0.5% ye-potassium dihydrogen phosphate inganiselwa futhi ifafazwe esigabeni esilandelayo.
2. Ukuphathwa ezigabeni eziphumelelayo nezesikhathi eside
Unyaka wesibili kuya kowesihlanu ngemva kokutshala utshani yisikhathi sokukhula okunamandla. Utshani obuhlotshisiwe buluhlaza kakhulu, ngakho-ke kugxilwe ekubugcineni buluhlaza. Ukuze kuphathwe amanzi, vula iziqu zotshani bese uqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi yomile kodwa ayimhlophe futhi imanzi kodwa ayinamabala. Umgomo uwukwenza kome entwasahlobo nasehlobo bese kuba manzi ekwindla nasebusika. Umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe kancane futhi kancane, kancane kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba wonyaka nangaphezulu kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Sebenzisa amakhilogremu angu-2-4 e-urea nge-mu ngemuva kokusika utshani ngakunye. Esikhathini sokukhula okuphezulu, lawula umanyolo namanzi ukuze ulawule izinga lokukhula, ngaphandle kwalokho inani lezikhathi zokusika utshani lizokwanda futhi izindleko zokunakekela zizokwanda. Ukusika utshani yikho okugxilwe kukho kulesi sigaba. Ukuvama kokusika utshani kanye nekhwalithi yokusika utshani kuhlobene nokonakala kotshani kanye nezindleko zokulungisa. Kunconywa ukulawula inani lokusika utshani izikhathi ezingu-8-10 ngonyaka, ngesilinganiso esisodwa ngenyanga kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuSepthemba kanye kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuJanuwari wonyaka olandelayo. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zokusika utshani: Okokuqala, ukuphakama kotshani okungcono kakhulu kungu-6-10 cm. Uma idlula u-10 cm, inganqunywa. Uma ingaphezu kuka-15 cm, kuzovela “izindunduma zotshani” futhi ezinye izingxenye zizoba njengezingwegwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, kumele inqunywe. Okwesibili ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokusika. Hlola ukuthi amandla omshini wokugunda utshani ajwayelekile, ukuthi i-blade yotshani ibukhali futhi ayinazo iziphambeko, nokuthi utshani buhlanzekile ngamatshe amancane kanye nemfucumfucu. Okwesithathu ukusebenzisa umshini wokugunda utshani. Lungisa ibanga le-blade libe ngu-2-4 cm ukusuka emhlabathini (ukusika okuphansi ngesikhathi eside, ukusika okuphezulu ekwindla nasebusika), qhubekela phambili ngesivinini esingaguquki, futhi ububanzi bokusika buhlangana no-3-5 cm isikhathi ngasinye ngaphandle kokuphuthelwa ukusika. Okwesine, hlanza amaqabunga otshani ngokushesha ngemva kokusika, bese umanzisa futhi uvundise.
3. Ukuphathwa kwezigaba ezihamba kancane nezesikhathi eside
Izinga lokukhula kwezitshalo ezitshalweni eminyakeni engu-6-10 ngemva kokutshala liye lehla, futhi amaqabunga afile neziqu ziyanda unyaka nonyaka. Ukubola kwezimpande kuvame ukwenzeka ngezikhathi ezishisayo nezinomswakama, futhi kusengozini yokulimala yi-Digitonus (i-shaving bug) ekwindla nasebusika. Umsebenzi ogxile kakhulu ukunaka ukuvimbela nokulawula izinambuzane nezifo. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi utshani baseTaiwan bucwiliswe emanzini izinsuku ezintathu futhi buqale ukubola kwezimpande. Ngemva kokukhipha amanzi, busaphila. Ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, izimpande ezingaphezu kuka-90% zibolile futhi cishe azinampilo, ngakho-ke kudingeka ziphinde zifakwe emanzini. Nakuba kuzoba nokubola kwezimpande okuncane zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-1-2 zokugcwala kwamanzi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama ngemva kokukhipha amanzi kuzokwenza kube lula ukuzala kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi kuholele ekwakhekeni kokubola kwezimpande. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, susa utshani obufile obuyingozi bese uphinda usebenzise isisombululo se-urea. Ukukhula kuzoqala kabusha ngemva kwesonto. Ukuphathwa komanyolo kanye namanzi esikhathini esihamba kancane kufanele kuqiniswe kunasesikhathini sokuchuma, futhi umanyolo wezimpande ezengeziwe ungandiswa. Inani lazoukugunda utshanikufanele kulawulwe izikhathi ezingu-7-8 ngonyaka.
4. Ukuphathwa kwesigaba sokuwohloka kwezindawo zotshani
Indawo yotshani yaqala ukubola unyaka nonyaka eminyakeni eyi-10 ngemva kokutshala, futhi yonakala kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-15 ngemva kokutshala. Ukuphathwa kwamanzi, ukushintshana ngezikhathi ezomile nezimanzi, kuvimbela ngokuqinile ukugcwala kwamanzi, kungenjalo kuzokhulisa ukubola kwezimpande futhi kufe. Qinisa ukuhlolwa nokuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo. Ngaphezu kokufaka umanyolo ojwayelekile, sebenzisa ingxube ye-1% ye-urea ne-dipotassium phosphorus yokufaka umanyolo wangaphandle njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15, noma sebenzisa umanyolo wezitshalo ezifana neToyota nezinye izimanyolo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe zifuthwa ngaphandle kwezimpande, futhi umphumela muhle kakhulu. Izindawo ezifile kancane zingatshalwa kabusha ngokuphelele. Indawo yotshani ebolile iphinda ivuseleleke kancane ngemva kokunqunywa, futhi inani lezikhathi utshani obunqunyiwe ngazo akufanele lidlule izikhathi eziyi-6 unyaka wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba utshani obuyinhloko buncane, ukhula kulula ukulukhulisa futhi ludinga ukumbiwa ngesikhathi. Ukuphathwa kudinga ukuqiniswa ngokuphelele phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukuze kubambezeleke ngempumelelo ukubola kwendawo yotshani.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-02-2024