KukangakiutshaniIzidingo zokufaka umanyolo zincike ekhwalithini yenhlabathi esivele ikhona ngaphansi kotshani. Amanye amaqembu egalofu anoshintsho lwe-top eluhlaza njalo emavikini amabili, kodwa ungakhathazeki: ekhaya, ngisho nakubantu abanenhlabathi embi kakhulu esinayo, kanye ngonyaka kwanele.
Umanyolo oxubile we-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, kanye ne-potassium granular kufanele usetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ngokuvamile usetshenziswa ngemva kokuthena nangaphambi kokunisela ngokufafaza. Umanyolo oyisisekelo ikakhulukazi umanyolo we-organic, okumele ubole ngokuphelele. Inani lomanyolo oyisisekelo osetshenziswa ngehektha ngalinye kufanele libe ngamathani angu-75-110, kanti i-superphosphate kufanele ibe ngu-300-750kg, okungahlanganiswa nokulima inhlabathi ukuze kusetshenziswe umanyolo.
Isilinganiso se-nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium kufanele silawulwe ku-5:4:3. Izinga lokufaka lilula futhi lincane ngesikhathi sokuchuma, futhi isikhathi esihamba kancane sinamandla kunangesikhathi sokuchuma, okungakhulisa umanyolo wezimpande. Umanyolo kanye nokunisela kufanele kuhlanganiswe eduze ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo otshanini obubangelwa ukusetshenziswa okungafanele. Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wezinto eziphilayo akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukondleka kwenhlabathi, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwenhlabathi kanye nokuvuleka kwayo, futhi kusize ngisho notshani ukuthi businde ebusika ngokuphephile.
Utshani be-turf enyakatho bufaneleka kakhulu ukuvundiswa kabili ngonyaka, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nasekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ukuvundiswa kokuqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli (uvundiso olufanele) akugcini nje ngokwenza utshani shintsha ube luhlaza kusengaphambili, kodwa futhi usize ngesikhathi sokupholisautshani botshaniukuze kubuyiselwe umonakalo futhi kuqiniswe utshani ngaphambi kokuba ukhula lwaminyaka yonke luhlume; yenza umanyolo wesibili ngoSepthemba. Ngaphezu kokwandisa isikhathi esiluhlaza kuze kube sekwindla nasebusika, kungakhuthaza nokukhula kwamagatsha amasha nama-rhizome ngonyaka wesibili.
Ukuze kugcinwe isimo esihle sendawo, kuhlale isikhathi eside kuluhlaza, futhi kumelane nezifo nezinambuzane, kufanele kugcinwe inani elithile lokudla okunomsoco. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa i-over-root dressing kanye nokwengeza ezinye izakhi zokulandelela ngaphandle kwe-N, P, kanye ne-K ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhula kwayo.
Ekuphathweni kokunakekelwa, kugxilwe ekuphathweni kwamanzi nomanyolo, ukunamathela entwasahlobo ukuvimbela amabala, ukunamathela elangeni lasehlobo, ukunamathela ekwindla nasebusika otshanini ukuvimbela umoya nokufuma. Ngokuvamile, fafaza amanzi kanye ekuseni nakusihlwa kungakapheli isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokunamathisela utshani, bese uhlola ukuthi utshani buqinile yini, futhi izimpande zotshani ziyadingeka ukuthi zibe seduze nenhlabathi yezivakashi. Fafaza amanzi kanye ngosuku kusihlwa kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngemuva kokufaka. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, kuye ngesizini kanye nesimo sezulu, kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ukufutha amanzi, ikakhulukazi ukufuma.
Faka umquba ngesonto eli-1 ngemva kokutshala kuya ezinyangeni ezi-3, faka umquba kanye njalo ngemva kwengxenye yenyanga, fafaza ngesisombululo se-urea esingu-0.1% ~ 0.3% esihlanganiswe nokunisela, unciphise ngaphambi kokukhula futhi ujiye; kanye ngenyanga, 667m urea 2 ~ 3kg, usuku lwemvula Sebenzisa umshini wokugunda utshani ukusika utshani lapho utshani bonke buphakeme ngo-8 ~ 10cm lapho usakazeka noma ufakwa ngoketshezi esimweni sezulu esicacile.
Ukhula lususwa ngokushesha ngemva kwengxenye yenyanga ngemva kokutshala, futhi ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari, ukhula luqala ukukhula. Ukhula kumele lumbiwe futhi lufakwe izimpande ngesikhathi, futhi luhlanganiswe ngemva kokumba ukuze kugwenywe ukuthinta ukukhula kotshani obuyinhloko. Utshani obusanda kutshalwa ngokuvamile abunazo izinambuzane nezifo, futhi akudingeki bufuthwe. Ukuze kusheshiswe ukukhula, i-potassium dihydrogen phosphate engu-0.1% kuya ku-0.5% ingafuthwa kanye nokunisela esigabeni esilandelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-29-2024