Ekuqaleni kwe- indawo yokulima utshani, umhlabathi kufanele uhlelwe ngokwezidingo zezindawo ezahlukene zotshani. Ezindaweni ezikhethiwe, uvame ukulinywa ujule ufike ku-20-30 cm. Uma ikhwalithi yomhlabathi iphansi kakhulu, ingalinywa ufike ku-30 cm. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwenhlabathi, umanyolo oyisisekelo njengomanyolo, umquba, i-peat kanye neminye imanyolo yemvelo ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Indle yabantu ebolile noma umlotha wezitshalo nawo ungasetshenziswa, kodwa lokhu akufanele kusetshenziswe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Qaphela ukufaka umanyolo we-nitrogen owengeziwe otshanini. Ukuze uqinise utshani, kufanele futhi usebenzise umanyolo we-potassium, njenge-potassium sulfate, umlotha wezitshalo, i-phosphorus kanye nomanyolo we-potassium. Lapho ulungisa futhi ufaka umquba emhlabathini, qaphela ukulingana komhlabathi, khulula inhlabathi engaphezulu, bese uyithena nge-roller ukuze iqine. Imigodi kumele igcwaliswe, kungenjalo amanzi azoqongelela, okuzobangela ukufa kotshani futhi kungavumeli ukuthenwa.
Indlela yokusungula utshani:
Ngaphambi kokusungula utshani, izitshalo zotshani kumele ziqale zitshalwe bese zitshalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Nazi izindlela eziningana zokusabalalisa nokutshala.
1. Indlela yokuhlwanyela
Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, ukuhlwanyela kungenziwa nasehlobo. Kodwa-ke, imbewu eminingi yotshani ayihlumi kahle uma kushisa, ngakho-ke lapho ihlwanyela ehlobo, ivame ukwehluleka yonke noma ingxenye yayo. Imbewu yotshani ebandayo ngokuvamile ihlwanyelwa kangcono ekwindla, kanti izinhlobo zotshani ezifudumele zivame ukuhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela utshani siyahlukahluka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zotshani. Ngokomthetho, ngemva kokuhlwanyela nangaphambi kokuba kumile ngokuphelele izimpande, amanzi kufanele agcinwe njalo ukuze kugcinwe inhlabathi inomswakama, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu yotshani ngeke ihlume kalula. Imbewu okunzima ukuyihluma kufanele iphathwe ngokuyicwilisa kusisombululo se-NaOH esingu-0.5%. Ngemva kwamahora angu-24, zigeze ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese uyomisa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokuhluma kwembewu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze izithombo ziphume kahle futhi zibe nezinga eliphezulu lokuhluma, kunconywa ukuthi zihlume kuqala bese zihlwanyela. Indlela yokuhluma iyafana nendlela yokuhluma yembewu yezimbali zotshani.
2. Indlela yokuhlwanyela isiqu
Indlela yokuhlwanyela isiqu(umshini wokusabalalisa umanyolo)ingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zotshani ezivame ukutholakala yizintuthwane, njenge-bermudagrass, utshani bekhaphethi, i-zoysia tenuifolia, i-creeping bentgrass, njll. Le ndlela iwukumba utshani, ukushukumisa inhlabathi enamathele ezimpandeni noma ukugeza ngamanzi, bese uklebhula izimpande bese uzisika zibe yizicucu ezinde ezingama-5-10cm; noma sebenzisa ummese ukusika ngqo iziqu ezingaphezulu komhlabathi bese uzisika zibe yizicucu ezinde ezingama-5-10cm. Isigaba okungenani sinengxenye eyodwa. Sakaza izingxenye ezincane zesiqu ngokulinganayo enhlabathini, bese umboza ngenhlabathi encane engaba ngu-1 cm ubukhulu, ucindezele kancane, bese ufutha amanzi ngokushesha.-KASHINIsifutho se-TurfKusukela manje kuqhubeke, fafaza amanzi kanye ngosuku ekuseni nakusihlwa, bese unciphisa kancane kancane inani lezifutho zamanzi ngemva kokuba izimpande sezimile izimpande. Uma izingxenye zokutshala ezisikiwe zingabonakali ngokushesha, zingafakwa ebhasikidini elincane, zimbozwe nge-sphagnum moss noma indwangu emanzi, bese zifakwa endaweni epholile lapho zingashiywa khona izinsuku eziningana. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela izingxenye zesiqu, inhlabathi kumele ifuthwe ngemithi yokubulala ukhula ukuze kususwe ukungcola, futhi inhlabathi kumele ilinganiswe kahle.
Ukuhlwanyela isiqu kungenziwa entwasahlobo lapho imbewu yotshani iqala ukuhluma, noma ekwindla. Ngenxa yokuthi kuthatha izinyanga ezi-3 ukuthi iziqu zihlwanyelwe entwasahlobo kanye nezinyanga ezi-2 ukuthi zikhule zibe utshani obuhle ngemva kokuhlwanyela ekwindla, kungcono ukuhlwanyela ekwindla. Ngeziqu ezinomthamo wesiqu ongu-1m2, kufanelekile ukuhlwanyela u-5-10m2. Inzuzo yendlela yokuhlwanyela isiqu ukuthi ingathola imbewu yotshani emsulwa futhi ithole utshani obuhlanzekile obufanayo.
3. Indlela yokutshala
Ngemva kokumba utshani, khulula utshani, usike utshani obude kakhulu, bese ulutshala emigodini noma emaqeleni ebangeni elithile ukuze lulingane. Isibonelo, uma i-Zoysia tenuifolia itshalwe ngokwehlukana, ingatshalwa emaqeleni ebangeni elingama-20-30cm. Kuwo wonke utshani obuyi-1m2 obutshaliwe, kungatshalwa u-5-10m2. Ngemva kokutshala, cindezela bese ulunisela ngokugcwele. Esikhathini esizayo, qaphela ukuthi ungawomisi inhlabathi futhi uqinise ukuphathwa. Ngemva kokutshala, utshani bungambozwa ngenhlabathi ngonyaka owodwa. Uma ufuna ukwakha utshani ngokushesha, ibanga eliphakathi kwamaqeleni kufanele lifinyezwe.
4. Indlela yokubeka
Uma usebenzisa le ndlela yokubeka utshani futhi unethemba lokwakha utshani ngokushesha, kunezindlela ezilandelayo.
(1) Indlela yokugandaya ebanzi
Indlela yokugandaya ebanzi ibizwa nangokuthi indlela yokugandaya egcwele, okungukuthi, umhlabathi wonke umbozwe utshani. Sika utshani ube yizikwele ezingama-30cm x 30cm, ubukhulu obungu-4-5cm. Akufanele bube bukhulu kakhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukuthi bunzima kakhulu futhi bungahambi kahle lapho kutshalwa. Lapho ubeka utshani, ibanga elingu-1-2cm kufanele lishiywe ezindaweni zokufaka utshani. Sebenzisa i-roller enesisindo esingaba ngu-500-1000kg ukuze ucindezele futhi unciphise ubuso botshani ukuze ubuso botshani bulingane nomhlabathi ozungezile. Ngale ndlela, utshani nomhlabathi kuxhumene eduze ukuze kugwenywe isomiso futhi utshani bube lula ukubutshala. Isodi kufanele liniselwe ngokugcwele ngaphambi nangemva kokutshala. Uma kunezindawo eziphansi ebusweni botshani, zimboze ngenhlabathi ekhululekile ukuze zibushelelezi ukuze imbewu yotshani isakwazi ukungena ebusweni bomhlaba esikhathini esizayo.
Ngezinhlobo zotshani ezinezithombo ezikhule kahle, njenge-bermudagrass, i-zoysia tenuifolia, njll., lapho kutshalwa, utshani lungakhululwa lube yi-mesh, bese lumbozwa ngenhlabathi bese luqiniswa, bese kwakheka utshani ngesikhathi esifushane.
(3) Indlela yokusabalalisa isihloko
Sika utshani lube yimichilo emide engu-6-12cm ububanzi bese uyitshala ngesikhala semigqa esingu-20-30cm. Kuthathe isigamu sonyaka ukuthi imichilo yotshani ixhunywe ngokuphelele. Ukuphathwa ngemva kokutshala kufana nendlela yokuhlanganisa izihlahla.
(4) Indlela yokugandaya amachashazi
Sika utshani lube yizikwele ezingama-6-12cm ubude nobubanzi, bese uzitshala ebangeni elingama-20-30cm. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zotshani ezifana neManila neTaiwan Green. Ezinye izindlela zokuqapha ziyafana nalezo zendlela yokuhlanganisa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-29-2024