Icebiso Eliyinhloko: Ukutholakala kwamanzi aqinile kuye kwaba yisithiyo kancane kancane esivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zotshani zasemadolobheni. Ukuqaphela ukunisela utshani okonga amanzi kuyinkinga ebalulekile ebhekene nabasebenzi bezindawo zotshani bamanje. I-Grassland Research Institute of China Agricultural University yenze ucwaningo oluphelele ngobuchwepheshe bokonga amanzi otshani basemadolobheni kusukela ezicini ezifana nokukhethwa kwezinhlobo zotshani ezingamelani nesomiso, ukunqunywa kwenani lokunisela elinomnotho lotshani, ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokunisela zokonga amanzi otshani, kanye nokunisela ngamanzi asetshenziswe kabusha otshanini.
Ukutholakala kwamanzi aqinile kuye kwaba yisithiyo kancane kancane esivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zotshani zasemadolobheni. Ukuqaphela ukunisela utshani okonga amanzi kuyinkinga ebalulekile ebhekene nabasebenzi bezindawo zotshani bamanje. I-Grassland Research Institute yenze ucwaningo oluphelele ngobuchwepheshe bokonga amanzi ezindawo zotshani zasemadolobheni kusukela ezicini ezifana nokukhethwa kwezinhlobo zezindawo zotshani ezingamelani nesomiso, ukunqunywa kwenani lokunisela elingabizi lezindawo zotshani, ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokunisela zokonga amanzi ezindawo zotshani, kanye nokunisela ngamanzi asetshenziswe kabusha ezindaweni zotshani.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuzalanisa utshani be-turf, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zesayensi zokunisela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yamanzi evuselelekayo kunganciphisa kakhulu ukumoshwa kwemithombo yamanzi otshanini. Utshani abudli amanzi njengoba abanye abantu besho.
Izinhlobo zokuzalanisa ezimelana nesomiso
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zotshani be-turf kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zohlobo olufanayo zinezidingo ezahlukene zamanzi, ngakho-ke ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zotshani be-turf ezonga amanzi kubaluleke kakhulu ekongeni amanzi otshanini.
Lapho kuzaliswa izinhlobo ze-turfgrass ezimelana nesomiso, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuzalanisa ezivamile, ubuchwepheshe be-bio bungasetshenziswa futhi ukwethula izakhi zofuzo ezimelana nesomiso ku-turfgrass ukuze kutholakale izinhlobo ezintsha ezimelana nesomiso. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-turfgrass eguqulwe izakhi zofuzo enezakhi zofuzo ezimelana nesomiso ingasindisa ingxenye yamanzi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-utshani obujwayelekile; uma itshalwe endaweni enkulu, ingonga amanzi okunisela angama-20% kuya kwangu-30%.
Ukuphathwa kokonga amanzi kanye nokunisela ngenkasa ngokwesayensi
Esinye sezihluthulelo zokunisela utshani ngokonga amanzi ukuqonda inani lokunisela utshani ngokonga imali. Inani lokunisela ngokonga imali yinani elincane lokunisela ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuvamile kotshani botshani. Kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi yamanzi endaweni yotshani futhi ugweme ukuchitheka kwamanzi okubangelwa ukunisela ngokweqile. Ukunisela ngotshani kufanele kulahle umbono ongelona iqiniso wokuthi kungcono ukuba nokuningi kunokuntuleka, futhi kuqashelwe ukunisela ngokwesayensi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zotshani.
Isidingo samanzi sotshani asithinteki nje kuphela yizici zofuzo zotshani uqobo, kodwa futhi nangezici zemvelo, okuhlanganisa izinga lokugcinwa nokuphathwa, okuqukethwe komswakama womhlabathi, ukuthungwa komhlabathi kanye nokuzala komhlabathi. Amazinga okuhlwanyela imbewu ahlukene kanye nokuphakama kwezinhlanga kuzobangela umehluko omkhulu ezidingweni zamanzi otshani.
Izindlela zokufaka umanyolo we-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, kanye ne-potassium ziholela enanini elihlukene lokusika utshani, futhi kukhona ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi komehluko enanini lokusika utshani kanye nesidingo samanzi sotshani. Utshani olunezivundisi ezikhipha ngokushesha lunezidingo zamanzi eziphakeme kakhulu kunezivundisi ezikhipha kancane. Ngokombono wokulondolozwa kwamanzi, isilinganiso sezivundisi ezikhipha ngokushesha kufanele sincishiswe ekuphathweni kwangempela.
Izindlela zokunisela zibaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozweni kwamanzi otshani. Indlela yokunisela yendabuko yezikhukhula ibangela ukunisela okungalingani kanye nokuchitha imfucuza okukhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemithombo yamanzi, amaphrojekthi okunisela okonga amanzi athuthuke ngokushesha. Njengamanje, izindlela zokunisela eziyinhloko zokonga amanzi zifaka phakathi ukunisela ngamapayipi, ukunisela ngokufafaza, ukunisela okuncane kanye nokunisela okuvuzayo.
Umkhuba ubonise ukuthi ukunisela nge-micro-irrigation kanye nokunisela ngamanzi kufaneleka kakhulu ezitshalweni zasepulazini ezinemigqa namagatsha anamagatsha. Emadlelweni anezindawo ezinkulu, izitshalo eziningi, ngisho nokusatshalaliswa, lezi zindlela ezimbili zokunisela azibizi futhi aziphumeleli. Ngakho-ke, ukunisela okonga amanzi kwamadlelweni asedolobheni kusebenzisa kakhulu ukunisela nge-sprinkler.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokunisela yokufafaza yikhanda lokufafaza. Ama-nozzle angahlukaniswa abe ama-nozzle anomfutho ophansi, ophakathi nendawo kanye nomfutho ophezulu ngokwengcindezi yawo yokusebenza. Ama-sprinkler anomfutho ophansi ngokuvamile akhethwa ukunisela utshani. Ama-lawns amancane noma imicu emide yotshani angasebenzisa ama-sprinkler amancane anomfutho ophansi omfushane; ama-lawns amakhulu njengezinkundla zemidlalo kanye nama-galofu angasebenzisa ama-sprinkler anomfutho ophakathi nendawo.
Umklamo wokusatshalaliswa kwamakhanda okufafaza kufanele ube nomqondo ofanele ukuze indawo yokunisela embozwe ama-sprinkler ilingane. Uhlelo lokunisela lwama-sprinkler ludinga futhi ukukhetha imishini yokucindezela enamandla ahambisanayo ngokwesimo sokucindezela komthombo wamanzi, ukuze ukunisela kwama-sprinkler kufinyelele umphumela ofanele.
Ukunisela utshani lwakho ngamanzi asetshenziswe kabusha
Indle esetshenziswe kabusha futhi yasetshenziswa ibizwa ngokuthi amanzi abuyiselwe, ahlukaniswe ngamanzi aqaliwe aqaliwe, amanzi aqaliwe aqaliwe kanye namanzi aqaliwe aqaliwe ngokwenqubo. Njengamanje, iningi lokunisela utshani lisebenzisa amanzi ompompi noma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngqo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunisela ngotshani kwandisa umthwalo wokuphakelwa kwamanzi emadolobheni, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, indle yasemadolobheni ayizange isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. I-China Environmental Status Bulletin eyanyatheliswa yi-State Environmental Protection Administration ikhombisa ukuthi inani lamanzi amdaka akhishwa ezweni lonke ngo-2003 lalingamathani ayizigidigidi ezingu-46, okubonisa amandla amakhulu entuthuko.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukunisela utshani ngamanzi ahlanziwe okwesibili, kodwa kwatholakala ukuthi izimpande zotshani obuluhlaza zibonise amazinga ahlukahlukene ezimpawu zokuba nsundu. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba kunezinhlayiya eziningi ezilenga emanzini ahlanziwe okwesibili futhi ukuqongelela kosawoti enhlabathini kuvimbela izikhala zomhlabathi, okuthintaUkuvuleka kwenhlabathikubangela ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba kutshani be-turf.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namanzi ahlanziwe okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanziwe okwesithathu kuphephile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi amanzi ahlanziwe okwesithathu angasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi indawo ngaphandle kokuphuza, okuhlanganisa ukufuya izinhlanzi, ukuwasha, amachibi okubhukuda, ukuchelela, njll. Nakuba izindleko zokusebenzisa amanzi ahlanziwe okwesithathu ukuchelela ziphakeme kakhulu, kunomkhuba wokushintsha kancane kancane amanzi ahlanziwe okwesibili.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-12-2024