Kwabasebenzi benkundla yegalofu, izindleko zokulungisa utshani benkundla yegalofu ziyanda usuku nosuku, okuye kwaba ngenye yezinkinga ezikhathaza kakhulu kubasebenzi. Indlela yokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa utshani benkundla yegalofu isibe yinto ekhathaza bonke abasebenzi benkundla yegalofu. Lesi sihloko sizobeka phambili iziphakamiso ezi-7 ezinganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokulungisa utshani benkundla yegalofu.
Ukunakekelwa kotshani benkundlaabasebenzi bavame ukukholelwa ukuthi izindlela zokulungisa utshani enkundleni yegalofu aziyona nje inkimbinkimbi kodwa futhi ziyabiza. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi utshani luhlangabezana nezidingo zezindinganiso zenkundla, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukwandisa inani lemijikelezo yabadlali begalofu kanye nemali engenayo yenkundla. Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko zokulungisa inkundla yegalofu ziyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Umanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, abasebenzi bokusika kanye nokulungisa konke kubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, lena akuyona yodwa indlela. Amaphuzu alandelayo angu-7 azonciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokulungisa utshani enkundleni yegalofu.
1. Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo komanyolo wamakhemikhali kunganciphisa izifo
Ukufuthwa kwamaqabunga e-phosphorus noma i-manganese kungalawula amabala ansundu futhi kunciphise isidingo semithi yokubulala isikhunta ethengiswayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwaphawulwa nokuthi ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamakhemikhali we-potassium silicate ongu-0.25kg ku-100m2 kunganciphisa isifo samabala ansundu ngo-10 kuya ku-20%. Uma kwelashwa ngendlela efanayo, isifo samabala ansundu singancishiswa ngo-10%.
Umanyolo we-potassium carbonate ungasetshenziswa ukulawula izindandatho zamakhowe ze-basidiomycete otshanini. Lo manyolo usebenza kahle kakhulu uma usetshenziswa lapho izindilinga zamakhowe ziqala ukubonakala entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Faka kabili njalo ngemva kwesonto, 8g/m2 isikhathi ngasinye, nisela ngemva kokufaka umanyolo ukuze ugweme ukusha kwamaqabunga. Abacwaningi bathole nokuthi lokhu kwelashwa kunciphisa nokuvela kwamabala ansundu.
2. Ukusebenzisa imbewu yotshani esezingeni eliphezulu kunganciphisa inani lokuthena
Izinhlobo zotshani "ezivamile" zikhiqiza izingcezu eziningi kunezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu. Lesi yisitatimende esiphawulekayo, esibonakala siphikisana kodwa sinembile, ngoba ezimakethe ezidinga ukuphathwa okubanzi, imbewu yotshani evamile ivame ukuba yizinhloso eziyinhloko zokuthengisa zabathengisi bembewu. Kokunye ukuhlola, kwatholakala ukuthi kwakukhona umehluko omkhulu enanini lothuli lotshani olukhiqizwa yimbewu yotshani evamile kanye nembewu yotshani esezingeni eliphezulu. Uhlobo oluvamile lotshani obuluhlaza lukhiqiza utshani obuningi ngo-70% kunezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zotshani obuhlala isikhathi eside, iBlackburg Linn, u-50% ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezivamile ze-fescue ende iTara kanye ne-K-31, kanye no-13% ngaphezu kwe-Apache.
3、Izindlela ezifanele zokuthena zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ukugunda utshani kusebenzisa amanzi amancane okunisela. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi uma ukuphakama kokunqunywa kwe-Poa annua kwehliswa kusuka ku-2.5cm kuya ku-0.6cm, amanzi okunisela adinga ingxenye kuphela yenani lokuqala. Kodwa-ke, utshani olunjalo olunqunyiwe kancane luzoba nezimpande ezimfushane, ngakho utshani olunqunyiwe kancane alukwazi ukubekezelela isomiso, okungabangela ukuthi utshani lube yi-chlorotic noma lonakale. Ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu zamazwekazi lapho utshani kufanele luniselwe khona, ukugunda utshani okuncane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kungaveza imiphumela emihle.
Nciphisa imvamisa yokugunda utshani ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lapho imvamisa yokugunda utshani ikhuphuke khona isuka ezikhathini ezimbili ngesonto iye ezikhathini eziyisithupha ngesonto, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kukhuphuke ngo-41%. Kodwa-ke, kunemikhawulo yokonga amanzi ngokunisela kancane, futhi amanzi ayachithwa uma utshani bukhula bube bude kakhulu.
4. Ukuphathwa kokuhlukaniswa kwenkundla yezemidlalo
Ukuhlukanisa izinkundla zegalofu zibe izindawo ezahlukene zokulungisa nokuphatha kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa. Yiqiniso, izinga lokulungisa ama-greens, ama-fairways, ama-tee box kanye nezinye izindawo zanoma iyiphi inkundla yegalofu alikwazi futhi akufanele lincishiswe. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo ungazama imikhuba elandelayo:
Okokuqala, hlukanisa umdwebo wenkundla ube yizikwele nonxantathu. Ingxenye ngayinye ichaza izinga lokulungisa bese ilibhala kusukela ku-“A” kuya ku-“G.” Ingxenye ngayinye inezindinganiso zayo ezibekiwe zomanyolo, ukunisela, ukuthena, kanye nokulawula izinambuzane. Indawo A (eluhlaza) ingathola noma yikuphi ukuphathwa okudingekayo, kanti ezinye izindawo zizonciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kokulungisa ngokulandelana. Lolu hlelo luhanjiswe ekomitini lokuphatha lekilabhu ukuze luvunywe ngemuva kokuba abasebenzi bokulungisa befinyelele esivumelwaneni. Lokhu kuvumela izindleko zokulungisa ukuthi zincishiswe ezindaweni ezikhethiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izindleko eziphelele. Ukuqaliswa kwalezi zinyathelo ngeke nje kuthinte ikhwalithi kanye nokudlala kwenkundla, kodwa futhi kuzokwakha “ukubuyela endaweni yemvelo” ezindaweni lapho ukuthena noma ezinye izindlela zokulungisa zincishisiwe, okuzokwaziswa ngabadlali begalofu.
5. “Qeqesha” utshani
Njengomphathi wengadi, ungaqeqesha futhi ingadi yakho ukuthi idinge amanzi amancane. Empumalanga ye-United States, ingadi egundwe kakhulu ingalibazisa ukunisela kokuqala kuze kube nguJulayi 4 eminyakeni eminingi. Lokhu kuvumela izimpande zotshani ukuthi zingene zijule enhlabathini zifuna umswakama. Faka ingadi yakho emijikelezweni eminingana emifushane emanzi ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula kwezimpande.
Le ndlela ifaneleka nasezindaweni ezinganqunyiwe kahle, yize isikhathi sokuqala sokunisela sizoba kusenesikhathi. Njengomphathi we-turfgrass, ufuna ukugwema ukuba yinkambo yokuqala endaweni yakini yokunisela yonke imigwaqo emikhulu kanye nezindawo ezinde zotshani entwasahlobo.
Yiqiniso, kunezingozi "zokuqeqesha" utshani. Kodwa isomiso sasentwasahlobo singaphoqa izimpande zotshani ukuba zikhule zijule enhlabathini. Lezi zimpande ezijulile ziqala ukusebenza maphakathi nehlobo, zisebenzisa amanzi amancane futhi zikwazi ukumelana nemvelo.
6. Nciphisa inani lokugunda utshani
Ucwaningo olwenziwe yisikhungo socwaningo saseNew York luthole ukuthi utshani obuxubile obunotshani be-rye obuhlala isikhathi eside noma i-fescue ende (noma izinhlobo ze-fescue ezinde ezinde) zinesilinganiso sokukhula esiphezulu, zidinga inani elikhulu lokucheba, futhi zikhiqiza izinsalela zotshani ezihamba kancane kunesilinganiso sokukhula. Utshani obufana ne-fescue encane noma i-bluegrass bunobuningi obungu-90 kuya ku-270%.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi kungenziwa ukonga okukhulu ngokushintsha izinhlobo zotshani nokunciphisa ukusika utshani. Umcwaningi uJames Wilmott wake wabala i-akhawunti, “Uma kubiza u-$150 ngehektare ukuxuba notshani oludinga imvamisa ephezulu yokusika utshani, khona-ke kubiza cishe u-$50 ngehektare ukuxuba notshani oludinga imvamisa ephansi yokusika utshani. Inhlanganisela ibiza cishe u-1/3 kuphela. Izidingo zomanyolo zigcina cishe u-$120 ngehektare, okuhunyushwa ku-$12,000 ngesizini.”
Yiqiniso, ukushintsha i-bluegrass noma i-fescue ende akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, umaIndawo yokudlala igalofu ithatha indawo yezinhlobo zotshani ezidinga ukusika njalo ngezinhlobo zotshani ezikhula kancane, ingonga imali eningi ngokunciphisa inani lokusika.
7. Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula
Wonke umuntu uzwile ukuthi ukusebenzisa imithi yokubulala ukhula encane kungcono endaweni ezungezile. Kodwa-ke, ingabe imithi yokubulala ukhula ingancishiswa ngaphandle kokuthinta ikhwalithi yenkundla yegalofu? Ngokusho kocwaningo, ukulawula ukhula lwe-crabgrass noma i-goosegrass, inani eliphansi lemithi yokubulala ukhula engakaqali ukuvela lingasetshenziswa njalo ngonyaka. Uthole ukuthi ungafaka inani eliphelele ngonyaka wokuqala, ingxenye yenani njalo eminyakeni emibili, kanye ne-1/4 yenani ngemva kweminyaka emi-3 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kuveza imiphumela efanayo nokusebenzisa inani eliphelele njalo ngonyaka. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi njengoba utshani buba bukhulu futhi bumelana nokhula, ukhula luthatha indawo encane enhlabathini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Indlela elula yokunciphisa ukusebenzisa kwakho izibulala-zinambuzane ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elishiwo kumalebula amaningi ezibulala-zinambuzane. Uma ilebula lincoma umthamo ongu-0.15 ~ 0.3kg ngehektare, sebenzisa umthamo ophansi kakhulu. Le ndlela imenze wakwazi ukusebenzisa ukhula olungaphansi ngo-10% kunezitsha eziseduze.
Ukuphathwa kotshani okubanzi kungasetshenziswa ezinkundleni eziningi zegalofu, futhi amandla alo okonga imali ayabonakala. Njengomphathi wengadi, ungase uzame.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-20-2024