Ngemva kokuba utshani selutshaliwe futhi lusetshenziswa, umonakalo noma ukufa noma ngisho notshani lonke luzowohloka. Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu, njengokuqongelela kwamanzi aphansi otshanini, ukugeleza kwamanzi okungekuhle; izinambuzane nezifo, umonakalo weqhwa, isomiso; ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshani, ukunyathelwa kakhulu, kanye nokuminyana kwenhlabathi; ngakho-ke, akudingeki nje kuphela ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yomhlabathi wotshani, ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kwamanzi nomanyolo, kanye nokuvimbela ukhula nezinambuzane nezifo, kodwa futhi nokulungisa utshani bendawo.
Izikhathi eziningi, utshani buyawohloka ngenxa yezinguquko ekwakhekeni kotshani noma ukuwohloka okukhulu kwezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zenhlabathi engaphezulu. Ukuze kongiwe izinsizakusebenza zabantu nezinto ezibonakalayo, utshani lungaguqulwa endaweni futhi lutshalwe kabusha ngamandla amancane, okuwukuvuselelwa nokulungiswa kotshani.
一, Izimo ezidingekayo zokulungisa nokuthuthukisa
1. Izitshalo zotshani zakhiwe ukhula olungabulawa ngokuphelele yimithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe.
2. Iningi lezitshalo zotshani zakhiwe ukhula oluhlala isikhathi eside.
3. Utshani obonakele kakhulu yizinambuzane, izinto ezibangela izifo noma ezinye izizathu.
4. Iutshani obuphilayoungqimba lwezinto lujiyile kakhulu, ukuthungwa kobuso bomhlabathi akulingani, kanti inhlabathi engaphezulu engu-3 kuya ku-5 cm icinene kakhulu.
Uma ubona utshani buwohloka, kufanele uqale uthole imbangela yokuwohloka kotshani, ukuze ukwazi ukunikeza umuthi ofanele futhi uthuthukise uhlelo olufanele nolusebenzayo.
Ukuvuselelwa kotshani
1. Ukulungiswa kombhede wotshani Into yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele lapho ulungisa umbhede wotshani ukusebenzisa imithi yokubulala ukhula ukulawula ukhula. Okwesibili, kufanele kwenziwe ukusika utshani ngokujulile, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kufanele kwenziwe ukuklwebha ukuze kuphulwe ngokuphelele ungqimba lwezinto eziphilayo. Uma inhlabathi engaphezulu ingakaqini kakhulu, ukulinywa kwenhlabathi eyinhloko enamandla kakhulu kanye nokuhleleka nakho kungenziwa. Ngaphambi kokulima inhlabathi, kufanele kufakwe umanyolo ohlanganisiwe (oqukethe i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, ne-potassium), futhi umanyolo one-acid kufanele wengezwe ne-lime. Inani lokusetshenziswa linganqunywa ngokuya ngesimo sokudla kwenhlabathi yombhede.
2. Ukukhetha imbewu yotshani Ukubuyiselwa kungasebenzisa ukusabalala kwezitshalo, kodwa iningi lazo lisebenzisa ukusabalala kwembewu. Imbewu yotshani evumelana ngokugcwele nezimo zemvelo zendawo kufanele ikhethwe, futhi ukulingana kotshani kufanele kucatshangelwe.
3. Izindlela zokutshala nokuhlwanyela zivame ukusebenzisa ukusakaza kanye nokuhlwanyela ngamadiski. Ukusakaza kusebenzisa amazinga okuhlwanyela ajwayelekile, kanti ukuhluma nokugoqa okungajulile kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuhlwanyela. Ukuhlwanyela ngamadiski kwenziwa ngomshini wokuhlwanyela amadiski okhethekile, futhi ukuhluma nokugoqa okungajulile ngokuvamile akudingeki.
Ukuvuselelwa kotshani
1. Uma utshani obusanda kwakhiwa buhluma ngokungalingani noma bungaphelele, kufanele uqale uhlole ukuthi indlela yokutshala ilungile yini, bese uhlola ukuthi kukhona yini imfucuza yokwakha enhlabathini engaphansi komhlaba yendawo engaphelele. Ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi akuzona izizathu, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-acidity yomhlabathi kanye ne-alkalinity. Ngemva kokuthola imbangela, ungasebenzisa indlela yokutshala kabusha ukuze utshale kabusha. Ngemva kokuba inhlabathi engakaqini isisusiwe ebusweni obungajulile nge-rake yotshani, imbewu yotshani iyahlwanyelwa, bese ingaphathwa ngokwezindlela ezijwayelekile zokutshala nokunakekela.
2. Ekulungiseni amabhlogo, indlela yokuphinda kutshalwe imbewu ingasetshenziswa, futhi indlela yokulungisa ingatshalwa kabusha noma kutshalwe utshani. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela esetshenziswayo, uma nje ingathinti ukusetshenziswa kotshani futhi iqinisekisa ikhwalithi yotshani, kulungile. Inqubo yokulungisa amabhlogo yile: susa izitshalo zotshani ezivezwe phansi eceleni komphetho we-patch, ugobe ngenhlabathi evundile noma inhlabathi ye-peat 2-3 cm, futhi ubukhulu bomhlaba onama-padding kufanele bube phezulu kancane kunomhlabathiutshani obuzungezileungqimba lomhlabathi ukuvimbela ukuhlala phansi kanye nokuncipha, bese ulinganisa umhlabathi, uhlwanyele noma usakaze utshani ngendlela engahambisani nobulili noma ubeke utshani. Uma uhlwanyela, qaphela iqiniso lokuthi imbewu yotshani ehlwanyelwe kumele ihambisane nezinhlobo zokuqala. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela, cindezela kancane umbhede wotshani olungisiwe bese uwunisela ukuze ulungiswe. Uma ubeka utshani, sebenzisa i-roller engamathani angu-0.2-0.3 ukuze uqinise umhlabathi futhi uwenze ube yisicaba. Utshani olulungisiwe kufanele lunakekelwe ngokucophelela ukuze luhambisane nombala wotshani obuzungezile ngokushesha okukhulu.
Utshani obonakele kakhulu ngenxa yezinambuzane nezifo noma ezinye izizathu kufanele butshalwe kabusha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 18-2024