Ukufaka inhlabathi ngaphezulu kuwukufaka ungqimba oluncane lwenhlabathi otshanini obusakhula noma obusakhula. Etshanini obusakhula, ukumbozwa kotshani kungafeza izinjongo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukulawula ungqimba lotshani, ukulinganisa ubuso botshani.utshani bezemidlalo, ukukhuthaza ukubuyiselwa kotshani obelimele noma onesifo, ukuvikela ukubeka imifino ebusika, ukushintsha izakhiwo zendlela yokukhulisa utshani, njll. Izici zofuzo zotshani, izimo zemvelo zemvelo, izindlela zokulima nokuphatha kanye nenhloso yokusungulwa kotshani kunquma isidingo sokumboza inhlabathi. Imifino yegalofu, imifino ye-bowling kanye nezinye izindawo zemidlalo zidinga utshani obufana kakhulu ukuze kube lula ukusebenza. Izindawo ezincane kuya kweziphakathi ezingajwayelekile zibangelwa ukunyathelwa, izimo zezulu, ukukhula kotshani kanye nezinye izici. Ukuguguleka okunjalo okuncane nokuphakathi kungalungiswa ngokumboza inhlabathi ngenhlabathi. Amakhola ezithelo ambozwe inhlabathi engaphezulu awathambekele kakhulu ekuqongeleleni utshani noma ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene. Amakhola ezithelo akhiwe enhlabathini engafanele ekugcineni angakha utshani obuhle obunokukhipha amanzi okuthuthukisiwe, umoya omuhle kanye nokuqina okuqinile ngemva kokumbozwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenhlabathi efanelekile iminyaka eminingi. Ngakho-ke, lesi sinyathelo sesibe yindlela ebalulekile ekuphathweni kotshani benkundla yezemidlalo.
Ukubeka Izendlalelo Inkinga evamile ehlobene nokumboza inhlabathi ngaphezu komhlabathi umphumela wokubeka izendlalelo obangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwenhlabathi okuhlukile endaweni yenhlabathi yotshani njengokumboza inhlabathi. Uma kunesihlabathi noma ezinye izinto eziqinile kuphrofayili yenhlabathi, inhlabathi engaphezulu ivame ukuba sesimweni somswakama futhi ukukhula kwezimpande kuyavinjelwa. Umehluko omncane ezinhlotsheni zenhlabathi kungqimba lomhlabathi, njengengqimba yezimpande zotshani, kuzophinde kubangele imiphumela emibi kakhulu ekusatshalalisweni kwezimpande zotshani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani noma imvamisa yokumboza ungqimba lomhlabathi ngenhlabathi ayanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba lomhlabathi luxubene ngokuphelele, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inhlabathi nezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo zizohlukana. Kwezinye izimo, ukuthena okuqondile ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe ungqimba ophezulu wenhlabathi ukuvula ungqimba wotshani ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqokwa kwezendlalelo. Ukuchoboza imichilo yenhlabathi ebhobozekile ngemuva kokubhoboza kungaveza umphumela ofanayo nomhlabathi omboze ubuso. Uma nje inhlabathi engaphansi kotshani ifanelekile, le nqubo yokuqhekeka ifana noma ingcono kunokufaka i-top-fertilizer ngenhlabathi yangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, inani lenhlabathi eqhekekile linqunywa ubukhulu bokubhoboza (usayizi nenani lemigodi) kanye nenani lokubhoboza utshani olungalibekezelela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukumbozwa kwenhlabathi ephezulu akuthinteki yilezi zici futhi kungenziwa ngaphandle kwezinye izinyathelo zokulima. Lapho kubhobozwa futhi kumbozwa inhlabathi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kudingeka kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwezingqimba. Isibonelo, lapho kumbozwa ikhola yezithelo ngesihlabathi, imigodi ivame ukubhobozwa kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlabathi singena emigodini. Imichilo yomhlabathi ekhishwe emgodini kufanele isuswe. Imichilo yomhlabathi ayikwazi ukuphulwa endaweni kuze kube yilapho ubukhulu besihlabathi budlula ukujula okuphezulu kokungena komshini wokubhoboza. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzokwenzeka ukungezwani phakathi kwesihlabathi nenhlabathi, okubangela imiphumela emibi.
Ukukhetha inhlabathi emboza ubuso Ukukhetha inhlabathi esetshenziswa njengenhlabathi emboza ubuso kungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu kuukuphathwa kotshaniNgakho-ke, lapho wakha ikhola yezithelo entsha, inhlabathi ethile kufanele ibekwe eceleni kusenesikhathi ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva. Inhlabathi edingekayo yenhlabathi eyisicaba kanye nenhlabathi embozwe ngaphezulu ihluka kuphela ngokuqukethwe kwenhlabathi yezinto eziphilayo. Inhlabathi embozwe ngaphezulu ayidingi izinto eziphilayo ngoba ukukhula kotshani kuzokhiqiza izinsalela ezanele zezinto eziphilayo zezidingo zesikhathi esizayo. Eqinisweni, enye inhloso yokuhlanganisa inhlabathi ephezulu ukukhuthaza ukubola kwalezi zinto eziphilayo ukuvimbela ukuqongelela kwengqimba yotshani obuningi. Uma inhlabathi yendawo ingafaneleki, ikhola kumele yakhiwe kabusha noma kukhethwe inhlabathi ephezulu efanele, kuye ngokuthi inkinga yephrofayili yekhola inzima kangakanani kanye nezinga lekhwalithi yekhola okulindeleke ukuthi litholakale ngokufaka inhlabathi ngaphezulu, ukuphathwa noma ezinye izinyathelo. Ukukhetha inhlabathi engaphandle kwendawo kunzima kakhulu ngoba kunzima ukufeza ukwakheka okufanayo. Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokusebenzisa inhlabathi enesihlabathi. Muva nje, abantu bavame ukusebenzisa isihlabathi ngokuphelele, futhi imiphumela ikhombisa imiphumela emihle. Kodwa-ke, uma isihlabathi sisetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kuzovela ungqimba lwesihlabathi, okuholela endaweni eqinile, edinga amanzi amaningi kanye nomanyolo ekuphathweni kwansuku zonke. Uma isihlabathi siba yinto exosha amanzi, amathuba okoma kwendawo ayanda.
Inani lenhlabathi embozwe Inani lenhlabathi embozwe ubuso elidingekayo ekusetshenzisweni ngakunye noma phakathi nenkathi yokukhula lincike enjongweni yokumboza inhlabathi. Uma kungukuguqula indawo enkulu yokungalingani nokwenza ubuso botshani bube bushelelezi, kuzodingeka inani elikhulu lenhlabathi; ngokufanayo, uma ufuna ukushintsha ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kwengqimba yezimpande zotshani, kuzodingeka inani elikhulu lokumbozwa kwenhlabathi. Inani noma imvamisa yokusetshenziswa ilawulwa kakhulu yikhono lotshani lokumunca le nhlabathi. Inhlabathi eningi kakhulu izovimbela amaqabunga ekutholeni ukukhanya futhi ithinte ukukhula kotshani. Izinga lokubeka lenkundla yegalufu lithinta namandla enhlabathi embozwe ubuso. Inkundla yegalufu engasetshenziswa okwesikhashana idinga inhlabathi embozwe ubuso, kanti inkundla yegalufu eqhubeka nokudlala izosebenzisa inhlabathi encane embozwe ubuso. Lapho kulawulwa ungqimba lotshani, izinga lapho ungqimba lotshani luqongelela khona linquma imvamisa kanye nenani lokumbozwa kobuso. Ezinye izihlahla zezithelo azidingi inhlabathi ephezulu uma zingakhuli ngamandla noma lapho izimo zifanele ukubola ngokushesha kwezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo. Kumakhola ezithelo lapho ungqimba olubunayo luqhubeka lukhula khona, kungcono ukumboza izithelo ngenhlabathi engaphezulu. Kulesi simo, inani lenhlabathi engaphezulu edingekayo kufanele libe ngu-15m3/hm2 kanye nenhlabathi embozayo engu-1.5mm ubukhulu. Ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi notshani oluxutshwe ndawonye lwakha ungqimba oluphakathi oluwusizo otshanini obunyathelwe. Kuye ngokubola kwalo, ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi lungashintsha ukuqina, lushintshe umswakama nesimo sezakhamzimba, futhi lunikeze izakhamzimba; ungqimba olubunayo lunikeza ukuqina nomoya. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi emboza ubuso ithuthukisa ungqimba lotshani esikhathini esifushane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokumboza ubuso kwenhlabathi, ungqimba lotshani olomile lusheshisa ukubola futhi okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo zomhlabathi kuyanda. Uma kufakwa inani elikhulu lesihlabathi esimsulwa enhlabathini emboza ubuso, izinga lokufaka lingaba ngaphansi kuka-7.5m2/hm2, futhi lingasetshenziswa kanye njalo emavikini amabili ngesikhathi sokukhula. Abanye abantu batusa futhi ukufakwa kwesihlabathi esihle esiphakathi (0.25-1.0mm). Enye yezinkinga ngokusebenzisa isihlabathi njengesimbozo senhlabathi ephezulu ukuthi uthuli nezinye izinhlayiya zingena esihlabathini ngokufaka umoya kanye nokunisela, futhi inani elikhulu linganciphisa umoya. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukubhoboza njalo bese ugcwalisa imigodi “ngesihlabathi esihlanzekile” ukuze uxhumane nezendlalelo ezivalwe yizinhlayiya futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amanzi ageleza kahle. Ukumboza njalo indawo kungasetshenziswa futhi ukuncibilikisa lezi zinhlayiya futhi kugweme ukwakheka kwengqimba yokuvala. Izimbobo zokubhoboza ziyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukujula okufanele kwendawo ephakathi ekholeni yezithelo. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, ngobuningi obukhulu bokumboza indawo, ukuphakama kwekhola yezithelo kunganda kakhulu. Ukwanda kobukhulu kungabangela isomiso sobuso. Ngakho-ke, inani lezinto zokumboza indawo ezengeziwe kufanele lilingane cishe nenani lemicu yenhlabathi esusiwe ngemuva kokubhoboza nokubhoboza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-18-2024