Kunezinto eziningi ezenza kube nzima ukuthi utshani lukhule kahle emthunzini: izitshalo azitholi ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele ukuze zikhule kahle, izifo ezihambisana nezindawo ezifakwe umthunzi cishe zithinta izitshalo ezimboze umhlabathi ezingenalo ukukhanya kwelanga, kanti utshani kumele luncintisane nezimpande zezihlahla ukuze zithole amanzi nezakhamzimba.
Uma ukuminyana kwenhlabathi noma ukugeleza kwamanzi okungekuhle kuholela ezinhlelweni zezimpande ezingajulile, noma ezinye izihlahla zizalwa zinezinhlelo zezimpande ezingajulile, njenge-silver maple, kunzima kakhulu ukuncintisana nezimpande zezihlahla.
Ukuze ukhule ngempumelelo utshani emthunzini, udinga ukusebenzisa amasu okuphatha afanayo asetshenziswa ekukhuliseni utshani elangeni. Olunye uhlaka olushicilelwe luncoma izinqubomgomo zokuphatha futhi luncoma ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho utshani bungeke bukhule khona.
Ukukhetha imbewu yotshani
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni utshani luphilile ukukhetha imbewu yotshani. Ukutshala izinhlobo ezifanele zotshani kungenza umehluko phakathi kotshani obukhula kahle nobo obuzobuna futhi bufe ngisho noma uqaphela. Isibonelo, utshani obuluhlaza, uhlobo lotshani oludumile, alusebenzi kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. I-fescue ende enhle ingazivumelanisa nezimo zomthunzi kodwa ayikwazi ukubekezelela ukunyathelwa ngokweqile. Utshani obuluhlaza kanye notshani obuluhlaza obunamagatsha amakhulu kudinga inhlabathi emanzi ukuze iphathwe kahle.
Isihluthulelo sokugcina utshani bakho bukhula emthunzini ukukhetha ingxube yembewu ehlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana ezibekezelela umthunzi futhi isebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili kuya kwezine ezahlukene zohlobo ngalunye ndawonye. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyasinda ngoba zingakhula ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kanti ezinye zikwazi kangcono ukumelana nezifo. Inhlanganisela yezinhlobo zotshani isiza ekuqedeni izifo noma ukubola okubangelwa yisimo sezulu kuyo yonke indawo.
Ukuthi ingxube yembewu ilungele kangakanani indawo yakho kuncike enanini lomswakama otholakalayo. Iningi lotshani lihlwanyelwa ngengxube yezinhlobo ezahlukene zotshani obuluhlaza futhi alifanele ukutshalwa endaweni enomthunzi. Uma kusetshenziswa ingxube equkethe utshani obuluhlaza kanye notshani obuluhlaza obuxutshwe ne-fescue encane, ingasetshenziswa ezimweni zomthunzi.
Ukuphathwa kwezindawo zokulima utshani
2.1 Ukufaka Umanyolo
Utshani olukhuliswe emthunzini ludinga izakhamzimba ezimbalwa kunetshani elikhuliswe elangeni. Utshani olunomthunzi aludingi ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu amabili kamanyolo we-nitrogen ngamafidi-skwele ayi-1,000 ngonyaka. Utshani olukhuliswe elangeni lusebenzisa cishe ingxenye yalo. Umanyolo osebenza kahle kakhulu ungawenza buthaka utshani noma uwenze ungatholakali ezitshalweni. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokusebenzisa umanyolo yilapho izitshalo zakho zidinga izakhamzimba kakhulu. Kunezikhathi ezintathu zotshani: ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kanye nasekupheleni kwekwindla. Umanyolo kufanele ufakwe kabili isizini ngayinye, ngekhilogremu eli-1 le-nitrogen ngamafidi-skwele ayi-1,000 maphakathi noMeyi kanye nenani elifanayo ngesonto lokugcina lika-Agasti noma ngesonto lokuqala likaSepthemba. Uhlelo luhlinzeka ngotshani olusezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi sasehlobo ngokusebenzisa ikhilogremu eli-2/3 likamanyolo we-nitrogen ngamafidi-skwele ayi-1,000 maphakathi noMeyi, ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, kanye naphakathi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
2.2 Ukuthena nokuthuthwa
Kuma-lawn akhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, kunconywa ukuphakama kokusika utshani okungamasentimitha angu-3-4. Lokhu kuphakama kuphakeme kancane kunokuphakama okunconywayo okungamasentimitha angu-2(1/2)-3(1/2) kuma-lawn akhula elangeni. Ezindaweni ezinomthunzi nelanga, beka ukuphakama kokusika utshani kube ngamasentimitha angu-3-3 (1/2) ukuze kuhlanganiswe utshani kuzo zombili izindawo.Ukusika utshaniUkufisha kakhulu kungaphazamisa i-photosynthesis ezicutshini zamaqabunga ezitshalo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu otshanini obukhula emthunzini ngoba bunamaqabunga ambalwa kakhulu. Lapho usika utshani lwakho, kungcono ukungalugcini ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yendlela edlula emaceleni. Kutshani olunomthunzi, sika utshani uma lufinyelela amasentimitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-5 ubude. Ukunquma amaqabunga angaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu kuzomisa okwesikhashana ukukhula kwezimpande futhi kunciphise ukukhula kwezimpande zesitshalo.
Uma kungenzeka, nciphisa ithrafikhi eya otshanini obunomthunzi omningi ukuze ikwazi ukululama kancane kancane ekulimaleni kwayo. Ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angu-3-4 nakho kusiza ekuvikeleni indawo yokukhula kwesitshalo ngokunciphisa umonakalo ohlobene nethrafikhi ngokushiya izicubu eziningi zamaqabunga ngemuva.
2.3 Abalawuli bokukhula
Abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo bangathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yotshani ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. Basebenza ngokunciphisa ukunwebeka kwamaqabunga, okunikeza izakhamzimba ezengeziwe zokukhula kwezimpande. Ngemva kokuqhathaniswa, kwatholakala ukuthi izitshalo eziphathwe kahle zazinombala omnyama, zinamaqabunga aluhlaza kanye nezinhlelo zezimpande eziminyene, kuyilapho izitshalo ezingaphathwanga kahle zazinamhlophe ampunga, amaqabunga ambalwa kanye nezinhlelo zezimpande ezinganele. Funa umanyolo ofanele emakethe wezitshalo ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, kufaka phakathi abalawuli bokukhula. Omunye umlawuli wokukhula osebenzayo, i-trinexapac-ethyl, ungasetshenziswa ekunakekelweni kotshani kochwepheshe kanye nokwakheka kwendawo.
2.4 Ukunisela
Utshani kufanele luniselwe ngamanzi angu-1 intshi masonto onke. Ezitshalweni, ukunisela kahle, kuze kube ngu-5-6 amayintshi, kungcono kunokunisela okulula njalo. Utshani obunezimpande ezingajulile nezihlahla kufanele kuniselwe njalo njengoba sengozini enkulu yesomiso. Uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nokuminyana kwawo kuzothinta ukuthi izitshalo zakho zidinga amanzi angakanani. Inhlabathi enesihlabathi iqukethe amanzi amancane kune-loams kanye nobumba, ngakho-ke idinga ukunisela njalo. Sebenzisa amanzi amancane (cishe i-1/2 intshi ngesikhathi) enhlabathini enesihlabathi kanye nengaminyanisiwe, njengoba le nhlabathi ingakwazi ukugcina inani elifanayo lamanzi njenge-loams kanye nenhlabathi eminyanisiwe.
Ukuze unqume ukuthi kufanele ufafaze amanzi kangakanani endaweni yakho, beka ithini lekhofi ngaphansi kwesifutho bese ubheka ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukugcwalisa kuze kufike enanini elinconywayo. Ama-sprinkler amaningi athatha amahora ama-2 ukumboza i-intshi eli-1 lamanzi. Ukunisela utshani bakho ekuseni kukunika ithuba lokoma usuku lonke. Ukunisela ntambama noma kusihlwa kwandisa amathuba okugula ngokwandisa isikhathi amaqabunga emanzi ngaso.
2.5 Izifo
Ngisho noma zikhula elangeni eligcwele, utshani obusemthunzini bungafa noma buhlaselwe yizifo eziningana ezenza buthaka ukukhula kwazo. Izindawo ezisemathunzini zinezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu, ukunyakaza okuncane komoya, kanye nomswakama ophakeme. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemva kwamazolo, imvula noma ukunisela, isikhathi lapho amanzi ehlala khona phezu kwamaqabunga sizokwandiswa. Lezi zimo zivumela ukukhula kwesikhunta eziningi futhi zibangele izifo zotshani. Njengazo zonke izifo zotshani, ikhambi elingcono kakhulu ukutshala utshani obubekezelela umthunzi nokushintsha indawo ngokusika izihlahla ukuze kwandiswe ukukhanya nomoya. Isikhunta sempuphu singenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu zotshani obusemthunzini. Isikhunta esimhlophe, esimpuphu sibonakala kalula uma sithinta amaqabunga. Isikhunta siphila kuphela ebusweni bamaqabunga futhi sisuswa kalula. Isikhunta sempuphu esisematsheni asikwazi ukubulawa ngqo, kodwa singavimbela ngokuphelele ukutheleleka okukhulu ekubangeni ukufa kwezitshalo. I-Bluegrass isengozini enkulu yalesi sifo kunezinye izinhlobo zotshani. Amanye ama-fungicides abhalwe ukuthi alawula isikhunta sempuphu, kodwa awasizi ngalutho ngoba isikhunta sempuphu siphinde sibuye zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-28. Ukunisela ebusuku kufanele kugwenywe.
Ibala elinsundu, elibizwa nangokuthi isikhunta seqhwa esinothuli, lingesinye isifo esivamile somthunzi. Lesi sikhunta sikhula kangcono ezimweni ezipholile nezimanzi futhi senzeka phakathi nenkathi yokukhula eWisconsin. I-hyphae yalesi sikhunta ngezikhathi ezithile yakha amaqoqo amancane amhlophe aphenduka kancane kancane abe orenji otshanini. Ukutheleleka okukhulu kungabulala utshani bakho. Ama-fungicides angasetshenziswa, kodwa inketho yakho engcono kakhulu yileyo ehlasela zonke izifo ezindaweni ezinomthunzi: Sika izihlahla ukuze uzivumele ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe kanye nokuhamba komoya.
Ezinye izifo zingathinta nokukhula kotshani obunomthunzi, okuhlanganisa amabala amaqabunga (aziwa nangokuthi izibungu noma izibungu), ukugqwala, nokuningi.
2.6 Ukhula
I-Moss ikhombisa izimo ezingezinhle zokukhula kwetshani. I-Moss ayiminyanisi ukukhula kwetshani, kodwa itshani izofa lapho kukhula khona i-moss. Izimbangela ezivamile ze-moss etshanini umthunzi omningi kanye nekhono layo eliphansi lokuzala. Ngaphambi kokuthi usungule ngempumelelo itshani lapho kukhula khona i-moss, udinga ukushintsha indawo ezungezile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inikeza ukukhanya okwanele, umswakama ofanele, kanye nokuzala ukuze itshani ikhule.
三, ukukhetha utshani
Ezinye izindawo azilungele ukutshala utshani: Kungase kungabi nokukhanya okwanele, noma izimpande eziningi zemithi zikhula eduze, noma kungase kube nokuminyana okuningi okungabangela ukufa kwezitshalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isizathu, cabanga ngokutshala ukhula kulezi zindawo esikhundleni sokwakha utshani. Ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, sebenzisa amagxolo aqoshiwe noma amatshe amancane. Kwezinye izindawo, cabanga ngokutshala isembozo somhlabathi esibekezelela umthunzi.
Ukuphatha izihlahla emthunzini
4.1 Thena izihlahla ukuze kwandiswe ukukhanya nomoya
Enye indlela yokuthuthukisautshani obukhula emthunzini kuwukuthena izihlahla ukuze kudlule ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Thena amagatsha ezihlahla ezinqumayo okungenani amamitha ayi-10 ukusuka emhlabathini. Le ndlela ivame ukusebenza kuphela ezihlahleni ezinqumayo; izihlahla ze-coniferous zingase zilahlekelwe ukukhanga kwazo uma amagatsha azo aphansi ethenwa. Ukucheba kwandisa inani lokukhanya okutholwa yitshani yakho futhi kwandisa ukuhamba komoya, okunciphisa ingozi yesifo. Ukucheba kuphumelela kakhulu uma kunesihlahla esisodwa kuphela, kodwa kungase kungasebenzi uma kunezihlahla eziningi emthunzini. Ukusebenzisa amasu okusika afanele kunganciphisa izifo ezingaba khona. Kunconywa ukuqasha uchwepheshe ukuthi achebe isihlahla esikhulu noma uzolahlekelwa yiso sihlahla ngenxa yomonakalo noma isifo esibangelwa ukucheba okungafanele.
4.2 Susa amaqabunga awile
Izinsuku ezinelanga kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi ekwindla kunikeza izimo ezinhle zokukhula kotshani. Uma utshani lumbozwe amaqabunga awile phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibalulekile sokukhula, isitshalo ngeke sikwazi ukukhiqiza nokugcina amandla anele ebusika. Amaqabunga awile ahlala esuswa noma anqwabelene abe yizinqwaba kulo lonke ekwindla. Uma amaqabunga ewela ngokulinganayo otshanini, utshani ngeke lumbozwe kahle ngamaqabunga awile.
4.3 Vikela iziqu zezihlahla nezimpande lapho usika
Ukulimala okubonakalayo esiqwini noma ezimpandeni kudala izindawo zokungena kwamagciwane angabangela ukuba isihlahla sibe buthaka noma sife. Ukuze uvimbele umonakalo obangelwa ngumsiki wotshani, cabanga ngokubeka i-mulch phansi kwesiqu somuthi naphezu kwezimpande ezingajulile. Ngaphambi kokumboza, khipha utshani ngesandla noma ubulale ngomuthi wokubulala ukhula ongakhethi njenge-glyphosate.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-01-2024