Ukunakekelwa kotshani - indlela yokwakha utshani obuhle nobanelisayo

1. Khetha uhlobo lotshani
Ukukhetha utshani obufanele kuyisinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu sokuthola utshani obuphumelelayo. Uma usenyakatho, ungakhetha utshani obuhlala isikhathi esipholile (utshani obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-fescue ende, i-ryegrass, i-fescue ebomvu, i-bentgrass, njll.); uma useningizimu, ungakhetha utshani obuhlala isikhathi esifudumele (i-Cyperus dentata, i-Bahia grass, i-Zoysia japonica kanye ne-Dianthus chinensis, njll.). Izifunda zaseJiangsu, eZhejiang naseShanghai lapho sitholakala khona ziyizindawo ezishintshayo, futhi zombili utshani obuhlala isikhathi esipholile kanye nobuhlala isikhathi esifudumele bungakhiwa, kodwa zombili zineziphambeko zazo ezisobala. Lokhu kumane kuyisimiso esijwayelekile, hhayi umthetho oqinile. Eqinisweni, ngentuthuko esheshayo yobuchwepheshe bokuzalanisa namuhla, izinhlobo eziningi zinezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu. Iningi lezikhathi ezipholileutshani botshaniZiyakwazi ukumelana kahle nesomiso nokushisa, ngakho-ke kuvamile ukubona utshani obuqhakazayo, obukhulu, futhi obunemibala epholile eningizimu. Uma ungathandi utshani obunombala owodwa, engeza i-clover yestrawberry, i-clover emhlophe noma imingcele eyodwa noma eziningana zezimbali zasendle, izimbali zazo ezinhle zizokwenza utshani lwakho lube luhle kakhulu.

II. Ukulungiswa kombhede wotshani ngaphambi kokwakhiwa
1. Ukuhlanza indawo Susa amatshe ayigugu kanye nezinye izinsalela ebusweni bomhlabathi (ngaphezu kuka-30 cm) ukuze uthole umbhede wotshani okhululekile, ophefumulayo, oyisicaba, okhipha amanzi kahle ofanele ukukhula kotshani botshani. Uma kukhona izinsalela nezimpande ezingaphansi komhlaba zezitshalo ezinezinkuni, kumele zisuswe. Ukuvimbela izimpande ezisele ukuthi zingaboli futhi zakhe imifantu.

2. Ukususwa kokhula Ukuze kwakhiwe utshani oluphumelelayo, inkinga yokutheleleka kokhula kumele ixazululwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lezo zitshalo zonyaka noma ezihlala isikhathi eside, ama-sedge, kanye nokhula lwe-legume kanye ne-convolvulaceae zingagwinya utshani obuhle ngonyaka owodwa noma emibili. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela nokulawula: ukhula olusebenzisa imishini (kufaka phakathi ukuthena njalo, ukhula ngesandla, kanye nokulima ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kotshani) kanye nokhula ngamakhemikhali olusebenzisa ukhula kanye nokuhlanza inhlabathi. Ukhula olusebenzisa ukhula olusetshenziswa njalo luhlanganisa ukhula olukhethiwe (2,4-D butyl, 2-methyltetrachloride, dicamba) kanye nokhula olungakhethi (glyphosate, paraquat). Ukuhlanza inhlabathi kungabulala izakhamzimba zokhula kanye nezinambuzane enhlabathini. Izinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa i-methyl bromide, chloropicrin, dazomethane, njll., futhi ukuphepha kufanele kunakwe lapho uzisebenzisa.

3. Lungisa inani le-pH yenhlabathi. Ngokuvamile, inhlabathi enenani le-pH elingu-6-7 ifanelekela iningi lotshani botshani. Kuyadingeka ukulungisa inani le-pH (inani le-pH) lenhlabathi ene-asidi eningi noma ene-alkaline eningi. Izindlela zokulungisa zimi kanje: khetha izinhlobo zotshani botshani obumelana ne-asidi noma obumelana ne-alkali bese ufaka i-lead sulfate ukuze wehlise inani le-pH; engeza i-lime noma i-superphosphate ukuze wandise inani le-pH

4. Ukuvundisa. Inani elithile lomanyolo wemvelo kufanele lifakwe enhlabathini empofu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvundisa komhlabathi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhula nokukhula okuvamile kotshani botshani. Umquba, umquba, kanye ne-peat konke kuyimanyolo emihle yemvelo. Ngokwezimo zendawo okuyo, indle yabantu, umquba oluhlaza, udaka lwamaqabunga, kanye neminye imanyolo yemvelo noma imanyolo ye-N, P, K ehlanganisiwe nayo ingasetshenziswa njengemanyolo eyisisekelo.

5. Ukulima nokulinganisa Izinga elikhuluukwakhiwa kotshaningokuvamile iqhutshwa imishini emikhulu. Amasimu amancane asetshenziswa ngesandla ngamageja, ama-rake, kanye nama-rake anezipikili. Ngokwezidingo zomhlaba, alinganiswe abe nesimo semvelo. Inkundla yezemidlalo kufanele iphakanyiswe phakathi ukuze kube lula ukuhambisa amanzi kusuka maphakathi kuya ezindaweni ezizungezile.

6. Yakha uhlelo lokunisela nokukhipha amanzi. Ukuhlelwa kohlelo lokunisela nokukhipha amanzi ngokuvamile “kuhlelekile” ngenxa yezizathu zezindleko. Eqinisweni, utshani obuhle, ikakhulukazi utshani lwenkundla yezemidlalo, njengenkundla yegalofu kanye notshani lwenkundla yebhola, kuyiphrojekthi ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kotshani.