Utshani luyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wokwenza utshani lube luhlaza, kanti ukumbozwa kotshani kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokuhlola izinga lokwenza utshani lwesimanje. Izitshalo zotshani zibhekisela kakhulu ezitshalweni eziphansi ezimboza umhlabathi. Zingasetshenziswa ukwakha indawo enkulu yotshani obuyisicaba noma obunamagquma kancane. Zingenye yezimo ezibalulekile eziphawula indawo yokwenza utshani lube luhlaza kanye nezinga lokwenza utshani lube luhlaza. Utshani abuyona nje indawo abantu abangaphumula futhi bayivakashele emapaki, ezingadini, ezigcawini, emigwaqweni, ezizindaweni zokulondoloza imvelo, ezingadini zezitshalo, emapaki okuzijabulisa, ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, njll., kodwa futhi lungasetshenziswa ezinkundleni zemidlalo, ezikhumulweni zezindiza, emadamini, emifuleni, ezitimeleni, emigwaqweni emikhulu, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemithambeka. Luyizitshalo eziphezu komhlabathi ezinomhlabathi omuhle.
1 Ukukhetha okujwayelekile kotshani
Ukukhetha ukutshala utshani kuhlobene nezimo zendawo yokutshala, izici zokusebenza kotshani kanye nemikhuba yemvelo yezinhlobo zotshani. Ukuthi utshani lungasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zalo zokusebenza kuhlobene ngqo nezinhlobo zotshani ezikhethiwe. Ngakho-ke, izici ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izinhlobo zotshani: ① Izinhlobo zotshani ezivumelaniswa nezimo zemvelo zendawo, ezilula ukuzala, ezikhula ngokushesha, futhi ezigcina amaqabunga aluhlaza akhanyayo isikhathi eside unyaka wonke. ② Uhlobo lotshani oluhlala isikhathi eside olumelana nokuthenwa nokunyathelwa, futhi olunamandla okuncintisana nokhula. ③ Amandla aqinile okuzivumelanisa nezimo ezimbi, ukumelana nesomiso, ukugcwala kwamanzi, amagesi ayingozi, izinambuzane nezifo, ukungazali, njll. ④ Ngokwezimo zokugcinwa nokuphathwa, zama ukukhetha izinhlobo zotshani ezinezitshalo ezimfushane, amaqabunga amancane, ukukhula okuqhubekayo, nombala omuhle wamaqabunga.
2 Ukulungisa inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala
Ngaphambiukubeka utshani, inhlabathi esizeni kufanele ithuthukiswe futhi uhlelo lokukhuculula amanzi kanye nokunisela kufanele lulungiswe. Ekuqaleni kokusungulwa kotshani, ukhula kufanele lususwe futhi wonke amathayili, amatshe ayigugu kanye neminye imfucuza kufanele kususwe endaweni. Utshani kufanele lulinganiswe ngokugcwalisa okuphezulu kanye nokugcwalisa okuphansi. Izitshalo zotshani zinotshani obuphansi obungenazimpande eziqinile kanye nokusabalala kwezimpande ezingajulile. Zama ukwenza ukujiya kwenhlabathi kube cishe ngama-40 cm, okungcono kungabi ngaphansi kwama-30 cm. Uma inhlabathi itholakala ezindaweni zasendaweni, Uma ungqimba lungaphilile noma kunenhlabathi exubile kakhulu, inhlabathi kufanele ishintshwe ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okufanayo kotshani. Lapho ulungisa indawo, ungasebenzisa umanyolo oyisisekelo, njengomquba, umquba, i-peat kanye neminye imanyolo yemvelo, bese ulima kanye, bese ulinganisela umhlabathi ukuze ugweme ukunqwabelana kwamanzi. Ubuso botshani obuyisicaba obuhle kufanele bube phezulu kancane phakathi futhi buthambekele kancane kancane ezinhlangothini noma emaphethelweni. Utshani obuzungeze isakhiwo kufanele bube ngaphansi kwama-5 cm kunesisekelo bese buthambekela ngaphandle. Utshani lapho inhlabathi yomile kakhulu noma izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba liphezulu kakhulu noma lapho kunamanzi amaningi kakhulu, kanye notshani ezinkundleni zemidlalo, kufanele kufakwe amapayipi afihliwe noma imisele evulekile yokukhipha amanzi. Indawo yokukhipha amanzi ephelele kakhulu uhlelo lwamapayipi afihliwe axhunywe endaweni yamanzi yamahhala noma inethiwekhi yamapayipi okukhipha amanzi. Ngaphambi kokulungiswa kokugcina kwendawo, inethiwekhi yamapayipi okunisela okufafaza kufanele futhi igqitshwe.
3 Indlela yokutshala utshani
3.1 Indlela yokuhlwanyela
Ifanele imbewu yotshani ekhiqiza inani elikhulu lembewu futhi kulula ukuyiqoqa. Ingasakazwa ngembewu. Ngokuvamile ihlwanyelwa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, ingahlwanyelwa nasehlobo, kodwa iningi lembewu yotshani lihluma kabi uma kushisa. Ngokomthetho, imbewu yotshani yesizini efudumele ihlwanyelwa entwasahlobo futhi ingahlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo; imbewu yotshani yesizini epholile ihlwanyelwa ekwindla. Ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokuhluma, imbewu okunzima ukuyihluma kufanele iphathwe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
3.2 Indlela yokuhlwanyela isiqu
Indlela yokuhlwanyela isiqu ingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zotshani ezivame ukutholakala yizintuthwane, njenge-dogroot, utshani bekhaphethi, i-zoysia tenuifolia, i-creeping bentgrass, njll. Le ndlela iwukuhlakula utshani olusematheni, ukuthuntutha inhlabathi enamathele ezimpandeni noma ukuyihlanza ngamanzi, bese usakaze izimpande noma uzinqume zibe yizingxenye ezimfushane ezingama-5 kuya ku-10 cm ubude, ingxenye ngayinye ibe nengxenye eyodwa okungenani. Sakaza izingxenye ezincane zesiqu ngokulinganayo enhlabathini, bese umboza ngenhlabathi encane engaba ngu-1 cm ubukhulu, ucindezele kancane, bese ufutha amanzi ngokushesha. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, fafaza amanzi kanye ngosuku ekuseni nakusihlwa, bese unciphisa kancane inani lamanzi afafazwayo ngemva kokuba izimpande zimile izimpande. Iziqu zingahlwanyelwa entwasahlobo lapho imbewu yotshani iqala ukuhluma, kodwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba ekwindla, ngoba kuthatha izinyanga ezi-3 ukuhlwanyela entwasahlobo, kanye nezinyanga ezi-2 ukuhlwanyela ekwindla ukumboza umhlabathi.
3.3 Indlela yokutshala ngokwehlukana
Ngemva kokufaka utshani ngefosholo, khulula ngokucophelela izihlahla bese uzitshala emigodini noma emigqeni ebangeni elithile. Uma i-Zoysia tenuifolia itshalwe yodwa, ingatshalwa emigqeni ebangeni elingama-30 kuya kwangu-40 cm. Utshani ngalunye oluyi-1 m lungatshalwa ku-30 kuya ku-50 m 2. Ngemva kokutshala, cindezela bese ulunisela ngokugcwele. Esikhathini esizayo, qaphela ukuthi ungawomisi inhlabathi futhi uqinise ukuphathwa kwayo. Ngemva kokutshala, utshani bungambozwa ngenhlabathi ngemva kweminyaka emi-2. Uma ufuna ukwanda ngokushesha bese wenza utshani, nciphisa ibanga phakathi kwemigqeni.
3.4 Indlela yokusabalalisa
Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela ukuthi ingakha utshani ngokushesha, ingenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi kulula ukuyiphatha ngemva kokutshala. Kodwa-ke, iyabiza futhi idinga imithombo eminingi yotshani. Ingahlukaniswa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo.
(1) Indlela yokuvala uthango. Indlela yokumboza umhlabathi wonke ngaphandle kokushiya izikhala. Sika utshani lube yimichilo emide, ububanzi obungu-25 kuya ku-30 cm kanye nobukhulu obungu-4 kuya ku-5 cm. Akufanele bube bukhulu kakhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukuthi bunzima kakhulu. Uma usika utshani, beka ibhodi lokhuni elinobubanzi obuthile otshanini, bese ulisika ngefosholo yotshani eceleni komphetho webhodi lokhuni. Uma ubeka utshani, ibanga eliyi-1 kuya ku-2 cm kufanele lishiywe ezindaweni zotshani. Ubuso botshani bungacindezelwa futhi bube buthambile ngethubhu ukuze kwenziwe ubuso botshani kanye nobuso bomhlabathi obuzungezile bube sezingeni. Ngale ndlela, utshani kanye nomhlabathi kusondelene kakhulu, kuvikelwe esomeni, futhi utshani kulula ukubukhulisa. Isodi kufanele liniselwe ngokwanele ngaphambi nangemva kokubeka.
(2) Indlela yokugandaya ephakathi nendawo. Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili zendlela yokugandaya. Eyokuqala ukusebenzisa utshani obuyindilinga, obugandaywe futhi bujikeleziswe, ngebanga elingama-3 kuya ku-6 cm phakathi kwengxenye ngayinye, kanti indawo egandaywe ithatha ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yendawo iyonke. Enye ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yotshani ihlelwe ngokushintshana, ibunjwe njengembali yeplamu, kanti indawo yokutshala iyi-1/2 yendawo iyonke. Lapho kutshalwa, indawo lapho kutshalwa khona utshani kufanele imbiwe ngokwezinga lotshani ukuze kwenziwe utshani kanye nomhlabathi ube sezingeni. Uma utshani selubekwe, lungacindezelwa bese luniselwa. Isibonelo, lapho kutshalwa entwasahlobo, ama-stolon azokhula kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngemva kwenkathi yemvula, futhi utshani buzoxhunywa eduze.
(3) Indlela yokusabalalisa isihloko.Sika utshanizibe yimichilo emide engu-6 kuya ku-12 cm ububanzi bese uyitshala ngesikhala semigqa esingu-20 kuya ku-30 cm. Utshani obubekwe ngale ndlela bungaxhunywa ngokuphelele ngemva kwengxenye yonyaka. Ukuphathwa ngemva kokutshala kufana nendlela yokuhlanganisa imisele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-14-2024