Utshani luyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wokwenza utshani lube luhlaza, kanti ukumbozwa kotshani kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokuhlola izinga lokwenza utshani lwesimanje. Izitshalo zotshani zibhekisela kakhulu ezitshalweni eziphansi ezimboza umhlabathi. Zingasetshenziswa ukwakha indawo enkulu yotshani obuyisicaba noma obunamagquma kancane. Zingenye yezimo ezibalulekile eziphawula indawo yokwenza utshani lube luhlaza kanye nezinga lokwenza utshani lube luhlaza. Utshani abuyona nje indawo abantu abangaphumula futhi bayivakashele emapaki, ezingadini, ezigcawini, emigwaqweni, ezikhungweni zezilwane, ezingadini zezitshalo, emapaki okuzijabulisa, ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, njll., kodwa futhi lungasetshenziswa ezinkundleni zemidlalo, ezikhumulweni zezindiza, emadamini, emifuleni, ezitimeleni, emigwaqweni emikhulu, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemithambeka. Luyizitshalo eziphezu komhlabathi ezinomhlabathi omuhle.
Ukukhetha okujwayelekile kotshani
Ukukhethauhlaza utshanikuhlobene nezimo zendawo yokutshala, izici zokusebenza kotshani kanye nemikhuba yemvelo yezinhlobo zotshani. Ukuthi utshani lungasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zalo zokusebenza kuhlobene ngqo nezinhlobo zotshani ezikhethiwe. Ngakho-ke, izici ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izinhlobo zotshani: ① Izinhlobo zotshani ezivumelana nezimo zemvelo zendawo, ezilula ukuzala, ezikhula ngokushesha, futhi ezigcina amaqabunga aluhlaza akhanyayo isikhathi eside unyaka wonke. ② Uhlobo lotshani oluhlala isikhathi eside olumelana nokuthenwa nokunyathelwa, futhi olunamandla okuncintisana nokhula. ③ Amandla aqinile okuzivumelanisa nezimo ezimbi, ukumelana nesomiso, ukugcwala kwamanzi, amagesi ayingozi, izinambuzane nezifo, ukungazali, njll. ④ Ngokwezimo zokugcinwa nokuphathwa, zama ukukhetha izinhlobo zotshani ezinezitshalo ezimfushane, amaqabunga amancane, ukukhula okuqhubekayo, nombala omuhle wamaqabunga.
Ukulungisa inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala
Ngaphambi kokubeka utshani, inhlabathi endaweni kufanele ithuthukiswe futhi uhlelo lokukhuculula amanzi kanye nokunisela kufanele lulungiswe. Ekuqaleni kokusungulwa kotshani, ukhula kufanele lususwe futhi wonke amathayili, amatshe ayigugu kanye neminye imfucuza kufanele kususwe endaweni. Utshani kufanele lulinganiswe ngokugcwalisa okuphezulu kanye nokugcwalisa okuphansi. Izitshalo zotshani zinotshani obuphansi obungenazimpande eziqinile kanye nokusabalala kwezimpande ezingajulile. Zama ukwenza ukujiya kwenhlabathi kube ngu-40 cm, okungcono kungabi ngaphansi kuka-30 cm. Uma inhlabathi itholakala ezindaweni zasendaweni, Uma ungqimba lungaphilile noma kunenhlabathi exubile kakhulu, inhlabathi kufanele ishintshwe ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okufanayo kotshani. Lapho ulungisa indawo, ungasebenzisa umanyolo oyisisekelo, njengomquba, umquba, i-peat kanye neminye imanyolo yemvelo, bese ulima kanye, bese ulinganisela umhlabathi ukuze ugweme ukunqwabelana kwamanzi. Ubuso botshani obuyisicaba obuhle kufanele bube phezulu kancane phakathi futhi buthambekele kancane kancane ezinhlangothini noma emaphethelweni. Utshani obuzungeze isakhiwo kufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-5 cm kunesisekelo bese buthambekela ngaphandle. Utshani lapho inhlabathi yomile kakhulu noma izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba liphezulu kakhulu noma lapho kunamanzi amaningi kakhulu, kanye notshani ezinkundleni zemidlalo, kufanele kufakwe amapayipi afihliwe noma imisele evulekile yokukhipha amanzi. Indawo yokukhipha amanzi ephelele kakhulu uhlelo lwamapayipi afihliwe axhunywe endaweni yamanzi yamahhala noma inethiwekhi yamapayipi okukhipha amanzi. Ngaphambi kokulungiswa kokugcina kwendawo, inethiwekhi yamapayipi okunisela okufafaza kufanele futhi igqitshwe.
Indlela yokwenzautshani bezitshalo
1.1 Indlela yokuhlwanyela
Ifanele izinhlobo zotshani ezinenani elikhulu lembewu futhi kulula ukuziqoqa, njengotshani lwe-buffalo, i-fescue ende, utshani lwe-zoysia, i-carex, i-bluegrass, i-clover, utshani lwe-Manila, njll., ezingasakazwa ngembewu. Ngokuvamile zihlwanyelwa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, zingahlwanyelwa nasehlobo, kodwa imbewu eminingi yotshani ihluma kabi esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Ngokomthetho, imbewu yotshani yesizini efudumele ihlwanyelwa entwasahlobo futhi ingahlwanyelwa ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo; imbewu yotshani yesizini epholile ihlwanyelwa ekwindla. Ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokuhluma, imbewu okunzima ukuyihluma kufanele iphathwe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ingacwiliswa kusisombululo se-NaOH esingu-0.5% amahora angama-24, igezwe ngamanzi bese yomiswa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhluma nokuvela kahle, njengembewu ye-zoysia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uboya bembewu yotshani lwentshebe yemvu bungenawo umoya omuhle, vele uhlanze ngamanzi ahlanzekile ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kufaka phakathi ukuhlwanyela okukodwa kanye nokuhlwanyela okuxubile kwezinhlobo ezimbili kuya kwezi-3. Uma kuhlwanyelwa kuphela, inani kufanele linqunywe ngokusekelwe embewini yotshani, izinga lokuhluma kwembewu, njll. Umthamo ojwayelekile u-10-20 g/m2. Ukuhlwanyela okuxubile kuwukuxuba ezinye imbewu ngokumbozwa okusheshayo ngaphambi kokuba imbewu eyisisekelo yakhe utshani, njengo-85% kuya ku-90% wotshani obuluhlaza kanye no-10% kuya ku-15% wotshani obugobile.
1.2 Indlela yokuhlwanyela isiqu
Indlela yokuhlwanyela isiqu ingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zotshani ezivame ukungenwa yizintuthwane, njenge-dogroot, utshani bekhaphethi, i-zoysia tenuifolia, i-creeping bentgrass, njll. Le ndlela iwukuhlakula utshani oluncane, ukuthuntutha inhlabathi enamathele ezimpandeni noma ukuyihlanza ngamanzi, bese usakaze izimpande noma uzinqume zibe yizingxenye ezimfushane ezingama-5 kuya ku-10 cm ubude, ingxenye ngayinye ibe nengxenye eyodwa okungenani. Sakaza izingxenye ezincane zesiqu ngokulinganayo enhlabathini, bese umboza ngenhlabathi encane engaba ngu-1 cm ubukhulu, ucindezele kancane, bese ufutha amanzi ngokushesha. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, fafaza amanzi kanye ngosuku ekuseni nakusihlwa, bese unciphisa kancane inani lamanzi afafazwayo ngemva kokuba izimpande zimile izimpande. Iziqu zingahlwanyelwa entwasahlobo lapho imbewu yotshani iqala ukuhluma, kodwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba ekwindla, ngoba kuthatha izinyanga ezi-3 ukuhlwanyela entwasahlobo, kanye nezinyanga ezi-2 ukuhlwanyela ekwindla ukumboza umhlabathi.
1.3 Indlela yokutshala ehlukanisiwe
Ngemva kokufaka utshani ngefosholo, khulula ngokucophelela izihlahla bese uzitshala emigodini noma emigqeni ebangeni elithile. Uma i-Zoysia tenuifolia itshalwe yodwa, ingatshalwa emigqeni ebangeni elingama-30 kuya kwangu-40 cm. Kuwo wonke utshani obutshalwe ngemitha yesikwele, kungatshalwa ama-30 kuya kwangu-50 m2. Ngemva kokutshala, cindezela bese unisela ngokugcwele. Esikhathini esizayo, qaphela ukuthi ungawomisi inhlabathi futhi uqinise ukuphathwa kwayo. Ngemva kokutshala, utshani bungambozwa ngenhlabathi ngemva kweminyaka emi-2. Uma ufuna ukwanda ngokushesha bese wenza utshani, nciphisa ibanga phakathi kwemigqeni.
1.4 Indlela yokusabalalisa
Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela ukuthi ingakha utshani ngokushesha, ingenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi kulula ukuyiphatha ngemva kokutshala. Kodwa-ke, iyabiza futhi idinga imithombo eminingi yotshani. Ingahlukaniswa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo.
(1) Indlela yokuvala uthango. Indlela yokumboza umhlabathi wonke ngaphandle kokushiya izikhala. Sika utshani lube yimichilo emide, ububanzi obungu-25 kuya ku-30 cm kanye nobukhulu obungu-4 kuya ku-5 cm. Akufanele lube lukhuni kakhulu ukuze lugweme ukuba nzima kakhulu. Uma usika utshani, beka ibhodi lokhuni elinobubanzi obuthile otshanini, bese ulisika ngefosholo yotshani eceleni komphetho webhodi lokhuni. Uma ubeka utshani, ibanga elingu-1 kuya ku-2 cm kufanele lishiywe emalungeni otshani. Ubuso botshani bungacindezelwa futhi bube buthambile ngepayipi ukuze kwenziwe ubuso botshani kanye nobuso bomhlaba obuzungezile bulingane. Ngale ndlela, utshani kanye nomhlabathi kusondelene kakhulu, kuvikelwe esomeni, futhi utshani kulula ukubukhulisa. Isodi kufanele liniselwe ngokwanele ngaphambi nangemva kokubeka.
(2) Indlela yokugandaya ephakathi nendawo. Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili zendlela yokugandaya. Eyokuqala ukusebenzisa utshani obuyindilinga, obugandaywe futhi bujikeleziswe, ngebanga elingama-3 kuya ku-6 cm phakathi kwengxenye ngayinye, kanti indawo egandaywe ithatha ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yendawo iyonke. Enye ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yotshani ihlelwe ngokushintshana, ibunjwe njengembali yeplamu, kanti indawo yokutshala iyi-1/2 yendawo iyonke. Lapho kutshalwa, indawo lapho kutshalwa khona utshani kufanele imbiwe ngokwezinga lotshani ukuze kwenziwe utshani kanye nomhlabathi ube sezingeni. Uma utshani selubekwe, lungacindezelwa bese luniselwa. Isibonelo, lapho kutshalwa entwasahlobo, ama-stolon azokhula kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngemva kwenkathi yemvula, futhi utshani buzoxhunywa eduze.
(3) Indlela yokusabalalisa izinto. Sika utshani lube yimichilo emide engu-6 kuya ku-12 cm ububanzi bese ulutshala ngesikhala semigqa esingu-20 kuya ku-30 cm. Utshani obubekwe ngale ndlela bungaxhunywa ngokuphelele ngemva kwengxenye yonyaka. Ukuphathwa ngemva kokutshala kufana nendlela yokuhlanganisa izihlahla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-31-2024