Ngemva kokuqala kwentwasahlobo, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile liyakhuphuka, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zotshani ziqala ukukhula futhi, zakha uhlaza olusha, bese utshani lungena esikhathini sokuphinda luhlaze. Uma lufika ngaphezu kuka-4°C, iziqu eziphezulu namaqabunga otshani obubandayo aqala ukukhula, futhi isiqongo sifinyelela esigabeni sokuphinda luhlaze. Izinga lokukhula lishesha kakhulu ku-15-25℃. Utshani obufudumele obugayiwe buzokhipha amahlumela amasha kuphela esisekelweni sesiqu noma i-rhizome lapho izinga lokushisa lenyuka laya ku-10-12.7℃ maduze nje, futhi kancane kancane lukhule izimpande, iziqu namaqabunga. Izinga lokushisa lokukhula kotshani obuluhlaza lingu-25-35℃. Ukukhula kabusha kotshani obuluhlaza entwasahlobo kuqala engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba. Kubanda-utshani bomhlabaiqala ukukhula lapho izinga lokushisa licishe libe ngu-0°C. Uhlelo lwezimpande zotshani obufudumele nalo luyalulama ngaphambi kwengxenye yomhlabathi, kodwa lunezidingo zokushisa eziphakeme. Okuphezulu (7~11℃). Ukuze kukhuthazwe utshani ukuba bube luhlaza kusenesikhathi, ukuphathwa kudinga ukuqiniswa kusukela kulezi zici ezilandelayo.
1. Lawula ngokuqinile amazinga amathathu bese uthela amanzi aluhlaza kahle
Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, utshani buqala kancane kancane esikhathini sokuluhlaza. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukutholakala kwamanzi kubalulekile ekukhuleni kotshani. Amanzi angena emanzini izikhathi ezingu-1-3 kusukela ngesonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuba utshani bube luhlaza phakathi naleso sikhathi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile noma eminyakeni. Kubaluleke kakhulu. Lapho kuthululwa amanzi aphenduka aluhlaza, izinto ezintathu kumele zilawulwe ngokuqinile.
Cima kahle izinga lokushisa. “Liqanda ebusuku bese linyamalala emini, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kulungile.” Lesi isifinyezo sesipiliyoni sokunisela amanzi aluhlaza otshanini besikhathi esipholile enyakatho. Ungawathululi ngokunganaki amanzi abuyele kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusenesikhathi. Uma inhlabathi eqandisiwe ingakancibiliki, ukuchelela kusenesikhathi kuzoqoqa amanzi kalula, kuqande, futhi kubambe amakhaza. Kungenziwa kuphela uma izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lansuku zonke lifinyelela ngaphezu kuka-3℃. Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kuthinta ukukhula kwezimpande kanye nomsebenzi we-microbial we-turfgrass, okubangela ukukhula kwe-turfgrass ukuthi kume noma kwakheke izithombo ezincane ezindala. Ngemva kokuba ungqimba lomhlabathi selusuliwe, uma isimo somthombo wamanzi singesihle, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngokwesimo sesithombo. Uma isimo somthombo wamanzi sihle, ukuchelela kungaqalwa lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lizinzile ngaphezu kuka-5℃ 5cm ngemva kokuba ungqimba lomhlabathi selusuliwe.
Cima inani lamanzi. Lawula ngokuqinile inani lamanzi lapho uthela amanzi aluhlaza. Ngenxa yokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nokushintshana njalo kwemisinga yomoya obandayo nofudumele, inani lokunisela lifanelekela inani elincane lamanzi kunokugcwala ngamanzi amaningi ukuvimbela umonakalo oqandisayo kutshani be-turf obangelwa amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu kanye namazinga okushisa omhlaba uma kubanda.
Ngokuya ngokuqukethwe komswakama wotshani, nquma uhlelo lokuqala kokunisela. Nisela izithombo ezinkulu nezithombo eziqinile kuqala, bese kuba izithombo ezibuthakathaka; nisela izithombo enhlabathini enesihlabathi enomoya omuhle kuqala, bese kuba izithombo enhlabathini enamathelayo enomoya omubi; Nisela izithombo ngesomiso esinzima kuqala, bese kuba izithombo ezinomoya omubi kancane. Izithombo enhlabathini ene-alkali enosawoti kufanele ziniselwe kamuva; ezitshalweni ezinamaqembu amakhulu kakhulu, ukunisela kungalibaziseka ukukhuthaza ukwahlukana kwama-tiller amakhulu namancane. Kunoma yikuphi, isomiso sizoba Izitshalo zasentwasahlobo kumele zinake inhlanganisela yokunisela kanye nezinyathelo zokukhulula inhlabathi ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle.
2. Faka umanyolo oluhlaza
Intwasahlobo yisikhathi esibalulekileumanyolo wotshani, okudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni kotshani unyaka wonke. Isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuba utshani bubuyele koluhlaza, umanyolo onengqondo kufanele wenziwe kanye nokuthululwa kwamanzi aluhlaza. Lesi sikhathi sikhuthaza kakhulu ukubuyela kotshani ngokushesha kutshani nasezithonjeni. Sebenzisa i-urea esekelwe kumanyolo we-nitrogen, bese uwusakaza ngokulinganayo ngokwesilinganiso somanyolo esingu-5gN/m2. Kungakhuthaza ngempumelelo utshani ukuthi bube luhlaza kusenesikhathi. Ngemva kokuba utshani bube luhlaza, umanyolo we-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium compound ungasetshenziswa kanye nokunisela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo somanyolo, kungangezwa i-rooting enamandla futhi esheshayo kanye ne-ejenti yokuqinisa izithombo, engakhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-callus, ikhuthaze ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande, isheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande, ihlakulele izithombo eziqinile, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yotshani futhi ivimbele izifo zotshani, njll., ikakhulukazi ezifweni zotshani ngenxa ye-Inomphumela omuhle wokuvuselela izithombo ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo ezibangelwa ukuwohloka kotshani okubangelwa izimo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu.
3. Hlakulela ukuze ukhulule inhlabathi futhi ukhiphe amanzi bese unciphisa ukungcola. Ngaphambi kokuba uhlaza, utshani obuhlanganisiwe kufanele bulinywe futhi bungcoliswe. Ezindaweni ezinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba aphezulu, imisele ezungezile kanye nemisele yomgogodla kufanele ivulwe ukuze kuncishiswe amanzi futhi kuncishiswe ukungcola.
4. Yenza umsebenzi omuhle wokugcwalisa izikhala. Ngenxa yomonakalo wokuqandisa noma izici zabantu, utshani be-turf buvame ukuba namabala aluhlaza. Ngenxa yesimo samabala aluhlaza, kufanele kwenziwe umsebenzi wokugcwalisa izikhala ngesikhathi. Utshani be-turf obufudumele bungatshalwa ngokutshala isiqu, utshani be-turf obubandayo bungatshalwa ngokutshala imbewu, noma ukufakelwa kabusha kungasetshenziswa ukugcwalisa izikhala. Ukugcwalisa izikhala, kudingeka ukuchelela kanye nokufaka umquba ngesikhathi esifanele. Khuthaza ukuvela kusenesikhathi, ukusinda kusenesikhathi kanye nokukhula okulinganiselayo.
Ngamafuphi, ukuphathwa komanyolo namanzi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhuthazeni utshani ukuba bube luhlaza kusenesikhathi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukuhlinzekwa komanyolo namanzi adingekayo ukuze utshani bube luhlaza kumele kuqinisekiswe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-23-2024