Ngemva kokwakhiwa kotshani, ngaphezu kokufanelekaukuphathwa kokugcinwaNjengokuvundisa, ukuchelela, kanye nokuthena, kuyadingeka futhi ukupholisa umoya ngesikhathi. Ngokwezidingo zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kotshani botshani kanye nomsebenzi wotshani, izinyathelo zokupholisa umoya zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukupholisa umoya kuyindlela yokunakekela ekhetha imishini yokupholisa umoya efanele ukuze ishaye imiqulu yomhlabathi otshanini ngesikhathi esifanele, ithuthukise izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nezinye izici zotshani, isheshise ukubola kwengqimba yegatsha lotshani, futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezingenhla komhlabathi nezingaphansi komhlaba zotshani. Ukukhetha imbewu yotshani esezingeni eliphezulu evela eChunyin kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana kotshani.
Okokuqala, kunemishini eminingi yokungenisa umoya, futhi kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa kakhulu: eyodwa umshini wokungenisa umoya ojikelezayo, kanti enye umshini wokungenisa umoya oqondile. Umshini wokungenisa umoya oqondile unamazinyo abukhali angenalutho. Ubangela umonakalo omncane ebusweni botshani lapho usebenza, futhi ukujula kokungenisa umoya kukhulu, kufika ku-8-10 cm, futhi unezindlela zokungenisa umoya phambili nangemuva. Umshini ojikelezayo unezimbobo ezivulekile zohlobo lwefosholo. Izinzuzo zawo isivinini sokusebenza esisheshayo kanye nomonakalo omncane ebusweni botshani, kodwa ukujula kokubhoboza kuncane kunokwe-puncher eqondile. Ngokusho kobukhulu bezimbobo namafosholo alezi zimbobo ezimbili, ububanzi be-puncher yomhlabathi ebhoboziwe buhluka phakathi kuka-6-8 mm, kanti ukuphakama okuqondile kwe-puncher yomhlabathi ebhoboziwe kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobuncane bomhlabathi, ukuminyana okukhulu kanye nokuqukethwe kwamanzi enhlabathini kanye nekhono lokungena lombhobozi. Ngokuvamile, lapho inhlabathi iqinile, kulapho umthamo womhlabathi uba mkhulu, kulapho okuqukethwe kwamanzi kuba phansi, futhi lapho ukubhoboza kuba kujule khona. Lapho ikhono lombhobozi liba likhulu, yilapho ukubhoboza kuba kujule khona. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokubhoboza iwukuthuthukisa ukungena komoya enhlabathini. Ngemva kokubhoboza inhlabathi, nakuba ukungena komoya enhlabathini phakathi kwemigodi, ingxenye engaphansi kwembobo, kanye nezingxenye ezizungezile nezingaphansi kwembobo kungathuthukiswanga, kushiywa uchungechunge lwemigodi emincane ebusweni bomhlaba, okwandisa ukujiya kwenhlabathi futhi kwandise indawo engaphezulu komhlabathi, ngakho ukungena komoya kanye nokungenela kwamanzi enhlabathini kuthuthukiswa kakhulu.
2. Imiphumela ngemva kokungenisa umoya: ukungenisa umoya kusiza ekukhipheni amagesi ayingozi enhlabathini, kuthuthukiswe izici zokumanzisa kwenhlabathi noma inhlabathi engathandi amanzi, kusheshiswe ukoma kwenhlabathi emanzi isikhathi eside, kuthuthukiswe ukungena kwenhlabathi ngomphezulu ohlangene noma ungqimba lwamagatsha amakhulu, kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwezimpande emgodini ngemva kokukhishwa kwenhlabathi, kuthuthukiswe amandla okushintshana kwenhlabathi, kuthuthukiswe ikhono lenhlabathi lokugcina izakhamzimba namanzi, futhi kusheshiswe izinga lokubola kwezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo.
3. Imiphumela emibi ngemva kokufaka umoya ibhubhisa okwesikhashana ubuqotho bomphezulu wotshani. Ngenxa yokuvezwa kwengqimba yomhlabathi wotshani, kuzobangela ukuphelelwa amanzi kotshani botshani endaweni. Uma izimo zifanelekela ukuba imbewu yokhula ihlume, ukhula oluthile luvame ukukhiqizwa, okusheshisa umonakalo wezinambuzane ezifana nezikelemu. Enhlabathini yotshani encane kakhulu, uma nje amanzi enganqunyelwe, ukufaka umoya kungathuthukisa izimo zokukhula eduze komgodi. Uma ukufaka umoya kuphindwa iminyaka eminingana ilandelana, izimo zokukhula zotshani lonke zizothuthukiswa.
Isikhathi sokungenisa umoya sibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zesomiso, utshani botshani buzophelelwa amanzi kakhulu endaweni. Isibonelo, phakathi nehlobo, ngemva kokubhoboza ngosuku olomile nolushisayo, utshani botshani obuhambahambayo buzophelelwa amanzi kakhulu endaweni. Ngakho-ke, kufaneleka kakhulu ukubhoboza imigodi lapho utshani bukhula kahle futhi izimo zokukhula zinhle. Ukubhoboza akufanele nje kuqaphele isikhathi, kodwa futhi kuhlanganiswe eduze nezinye izinyathelo. Isibonelo, ukuvundisa ubuso kanye nokunisela ngokushesha ngemva kokubhoboza kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukuphelelwa amanzi kotshani botshani futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokusetshenziswa komanyolo yizimpande.
Ngenxa yokwanda kwendawo engaphezulu komhlabathi wotshani, ngokuvamile okungaba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili, indawo yokuxhumana phakathi komhlabathi wotshani nomoya namanzi iyakhula, ukumuncwa kwamanzi kanye nokungenela kwenhlabathi kanye nomoya wenhlabathi kuyathuthuka, okusiza ekuzaleni kabusha kwama-microorganisms e-aerobic, okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen okusebenzayo kwenhlabathi kuyakhula, amandla okukhipha umoya-mpilo enhlabathini ayathuthuka, futhi izinga lokubola kwengqimba yegatsha lomhlabathi kanye nezinye izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo liyasheshiswa.
Ngemvaukubhoboza imigodi, kuzoshiywa uchungechunge lwemigodi emincane ebusweni botshani, kodwa ngenxa yokunyathelwa, ukunisela kanye nokugeleza kwenhlabathi eceleni, imigodi izogcwaliswa ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyezwe isikhathi somphumela wokubhoboza. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokubhoboza, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukufaka inhlabathi ebusweni ngemva kokubhoboza bese uhlanza imiqulu yomhlabathi. Sebenzisa izinto ezihlukile enhlabathini yotshani, njengesihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi yezakhamzimba, ukuze kusetshenziswe ubuso. Lapho lezi zinto zigcwalisa imigodi, inhlabathi isaphefumula kakhulu, futhi inenzuzo ekuboleni kwengqimba yamagatsha. Uma izinto zokusetshenziswa komhlaba ziwumanyolo, kungandisa uketshezi oluvundlile noluqondile lwamanyolo angashukumi kakhulu njenge-lime ne-phosphorus enhlabathini, kusheshiswe izinga lokuncibilika kwamanyolo enhlabathini, kuthuthukiswe isimo sokusebenza ngokushesha kwamanyolo, futhi kuvimbele ukulahlekelwa kwamanyolo we-nitrogen. Ukusetshenziswa komhlabathi ngemva kokubhoboza kuzuzisa kokubili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiqulu yomhlabathi ngemva kokubhoboza kumele ihlanzwe ukuze kuvinjelwe imiqulu yomhlabathi ukuthi inamathele otshanini botshani ngemva kokunisela, okungagcini nje ngokuthinta indawo kodwa futhi okubangela izifo nokhula kalula.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 13-2024