Namuhla siyaqhubeka nokwabelana ngeziphakamiso ezithile mayelana nokuphathwa kobusika obuluhlaza okwedlulele ukuze abafundi babhekisele kukho.
E. Ukuphathwa Kwezihlahla
Izinsuku ezimfushane kanye namazinga okushisa awela ekwindla kunikeza utshani isignali: ubusika buyeza. Ukuze utshani bukwazi ukumunca ukudla okunomsoco ngangokunokwenzeka, ezinye izinto ezibalulekile kumele zicatshangelwe. Okokuqala, ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele kuyadingeka. Ukutholakala kokukhanya kubalulekile kwi-photosynthesis ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina: ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga, i-photosynthesis ilinganiselwe, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwama-carbohydrate aphansi, okunciphisa ikhono lezimpande zotshani lokugcina amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zomthunzi zinomthelela omkhulu enkambisweni yokubanda nokuncibilika ebusika, ikakhulukazi ukuqala kokubanda okukhulu. Phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo, iningizimu ye-United States inamazinga okukhanya aphansi, futhi amandla akhanyayo angasakazeka endaweni enkulu. Umthelela wokukhanya kombala uzokhula kancane kancane ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokubanda nokuncibilika.
Hlola amandla okukhanya kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene zendlela (ikakhulukazi imifino eluhlaza) bese usebenzisa kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga okusempumalanga naseningizimu kulezi zindawo. Izihlahla zingashintsha indawo yendlela, kodwa isimiso asikuthinti ukulungiswa kwendlela okuvamile.
F. Amanzi okuhambisa amanzi
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ubuso botshani bumanzi kahle ngesikhathi sasebusika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa lasebusika. Izindawo eziphansi zendlela zingaqoqa amanzi futhi ziqine ngokushesha, okubangela ngqo ukuthi ingxenye ephezulu yotshani imanzi noma ibulawe emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ukusebenza kabi kokukhipha amanzi ebusweni bemiphetho yotshani kanye nezindawo zokubeka sekuyisici esivamile, futhi abaningiabaphathi bensimuizolungisa kabusha indawo ukuze inciphise umonakalo wasebusika.
Enye indlela ukusebenzisa ummese we-divot ukukamisa utshani kanye nomhlabathi ongaphansi ozungeze imifino eluhlaza, ngenhloso yokwakha “idamu” ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angaphumi. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi luvame ukwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwekwindla noma ekuqaleni kobusika, ukuze utshani bukwazi “ukuthola amandla” ngokushesha lapho inkundla ivula ngonyaka olandelayo, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokudlaleka kwenkundla. Izinguquko ezincane ezinjalo azibonakali kakhulu phakathi nezinsuku, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu ngezikhathi zemvula yasebusuku noma izikhathi zokuqandisa nokuncibilikisa.
Abaphathi botshani bazothatha nezinyathelo zokuvimba imifino ehlala endaweni ephakeme (esengozini enkulu yokuguguleka kwamanzi omfula noma ukuncibilika kweqhwa ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi). Iziteshi zokuvimbela amanzi (kufaka phakathi izindawo zokungenisa amanzi) zingavimba ngempumelelo imvula noma ukuncibilika kweqhwa kanye neqhwa. Ukubekwa kwezindawo zokungenisa amanzi kubalulekile. Phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo, inhlabathi iyaqanda, futhi ukususa isiteshi sokuvimbela amatshe kungase kungawamukeli ngokugcwele amanzi okugeleza. Amanzi asele azogeleza aye endaweni eluhlaza, okwandisa ingozi yokumanziswa kwamanzi okuphezulu. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola indawo yokungenisa amanzi ukuchitha isikhathi ubuka ukugeleza kwamanzi ngokucophelela ezinsukwini zemvula, bese udala amathebula afanele asekelwe ezimweni ezahlukene ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezidinga ukwandisa izindawo zokukhipha amanzi.
G. Ukungenisa umoya kanye nokugqoka phezulu
Ukumboza ngokweqile (ukusebenzisa omata botshani noma amanethi omthunzi) kuzonciphisa ukuphila kotshani ezindaweni ezishisayo zasebusika. Ingxenye ephezulu yesitshalo nezinye izingxenye ezithinta umhlabathi azikwazi ukukhula phezulu ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ezindaweni ezinomoya, ukumboza kakhulu utshani (okungaphezu kwe-intshi eyodwa) kuzokwenza kalula ukuthi utshani bube manzi futhi kulimaze ngqo ubuso botshani ezingeni eliphansi. Ukumboza utshani kuzongena lapho utshani buncibilika, okuzokwandisa kakhulu amathuba okumanziswa okuphezulu. Ukulawula lokhu kuguquguquka, kudingeka ukwelashwa kokutshala okuyisisekelo kanye nokufaka isithako. Ngokusho kwenethiwekhi yokwakha nokulungisa igalofu yasekhaya, ukuvundisa ebusika kungenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi, ukuzalana okuncane kwamagciwane, kanye nokunisela okuncane, okunciphisa futhi inani lokulahleka komanyolo. Ngemuva kokuvundisa ebusika, inani lomanyolo osetshenziswa ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo lonyaka olandelayo lingancishiswa ngokufanele, futhi inani lomanyolo osetshenziswa unyaka wonke ngeke lishintshe kakhulu, futhi linganciphisa nezifo zotshani zasehlobo. Iphinde inikeze ezinye izixazululo zokufaka umanyolo wasebusika: Lapho utshani buqala ukuphenduka buphuzi ebusika, faka umanyolo ohlanganisiwe ngesilinganiso esingu-15g/㎡ ngokulinganayo, umboze ngesihlabathi ebusika, bese unisela kahle futhi. Uma kuvela amakristalu amhlophe esicongweni samaqabunga ngosuku olulandelayo, kusho ukuthi inani lomanyolo osetshenzisiwe likhulu kakhulu. Ungawumanzisa ngamanzi amancane, uwuhudule ngentambo ejiyile, bese uwunisela futhi. Ngemva kokunisela, yeka izinsuku ezingu-5-7. Uma umhlabathi uqandisiwe, akusadingeki ukunisela okwengeziwe.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abaphathi bezitshalo besebenzisa inani elikhulu lokufaka umanyolo otshanini ekupheleni kwesizini, okuye kwanezela ingcindezi enkulu otshanini ukuze kubhekane namazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngokombono, ukukhula okuphezulu kotshani kuzovikelwa yindawo eyomile. Isizathu senkinga ukuguguleka kwesihlabathi, futhi imvula yemvelo ingageza isihlabathi eceleni kotshani. Ngenxa yokuqongelela komanyolo ophezulu, utshani kulula ukwakha ubuso botshani obuqinile. Ukufaka umanyolo otshani kunikeza indawo eqinile yotshani, ngakho-ke izinyathelo zabadlali begalofu azibonakali. Ukuvama kanye nenani lokufaka umanyolo otshani kufanele kusekelwe ezingeni elithile lokukhula kwezinhlobo zotshani, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaphuzu okukhula asebenzayo ezitshalo kufanele avikelwe.
Ngezinga elikhulu, umsebenzi wokulungiselela utshani ebusika uhlobene nekomidi eliluhlaza. Ukufaka umanyolo ojwayelekile kunganikeza umphumela oyingxenye kuphela ekuvikeleni nasekuthuthukiseni ukugeleza kwamanzi okukhululekile engxenyeni engenhla yesakhiwo somhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, isu elinjalo kumele libe nokulinganisela phakathi kokuzama ukuvikela utshani ekupheleni kwesizini nokunikeza ithuba lokudlala. Abaphathi be-turf basebenzisa nesihlabathi esimnyama ukwengeza umanyolo ukuze basize ukulawula izinga lokushisa eduze kotshani. Ngokukhuthaza ubuso bomhlabathi obuseduze ukukhiqiza amazinga okushisa aphezulu ukuzelondoloza utshaniukukhula, kutholakala ama-carbohydrate engeziwe, futhi kwenziwa amalungiselelo anele obusika.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 23-2024