Namuhla siyaqhubeka nokwabelana ngeziphakamiso ezithile mayelana nokuphathwa kobusika obuluhlaza okwedlulele ukuze abafundi babhekisele kukho.
B. Ukususwa Kweqhwa
Ukuthi kufanele kususwe yini iqhwa elimboze imifino eluhlaza kuyinkinga evamile enkambisweni yasebusika yotshani. Ucwaningo oluhlobene lunikeza impendulo ecacile: Ekupheleni kwesigaba sasebusika, kuyadingeka ukugcina iqhwa limbozwe imifino eyonakele ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze livikeleke. Iqhwa lingavimbela ukuthintana phakathi kotshani nomoya ongaphezulu (izinga lokushisa eliphansi lizoqandisa inhlabathi efudumele ekuqaleni, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukumelana nokubanda kotshani). Iqhwa lingagcina isimo sokulala kotshani (kwandise isikhathi sokumelana nokubanda). Uma iqhwa lincibilika ngokushesha, ukuvikelwa kokulala kotshani kuzosebenza kuphela ngesikhathi sasebusuku (kuthathe izinsuku eziningana), kodwa lokhu kwanele ukuvimbela umonakalo omkhulu. Vele, ubuso botshani kufanele buhlolwe njalo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukunqwabelana kweqhwa.
Utshani bungahlala buphila ngaphansi kweqhwa ngesikhathi sokuqala kokubanda. Njengoba utshani bungena esigabeni sokuqina, inhlabathi iyabanda futhi izinga lokushisa liyehla kancane kancane, umonakalo ongaba khona uzoncipha. Isimo esibi kakhulu ukuthi inhlabathi ayibanda, kunemvula futhi izinga lokushisa lehla ngokuzumayo, futhi umonakalo obangelwa yilokhu awunakugwenywa.
Ukusetshenziswa komnyamaisihlabathi sokugcobakwenza inqubo yokususa iqhwa ibe nokwenzeka kakhulu. Lokhu kwaziswa kungalawulwa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezithile zesimo sezulu sasebusika. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukusebenzisa amakhilogremu angu-70-100 esihlabathi esimnyama ngamafidi ayizikwele angu-1,000 kungancibilikisa ngokushesha ukunqwabelana kweqhwa. Ngokuvamile, phakathi nobusika, ukunqwabelana kweqhwa okunobukhulu obungamasentimitha angu-2-4 kungancibilika ngokuphelele zingakapheli amahora angu-24. Lapho amanzi avela eqhweni elincibilikisiwe kanye neqhwa edinga ukuthululwa endaweni ethile, kugcizelelwa kabusha ukuthi inkundla idinga ukuba nohlelo lokukhipha amanzi olwanele ukuze amanzi aphume otshanini.
C. Ukumboza
Ukuze kulawulwe umonakalo wasebusika, ukumboza utshani (okusiza ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kwamanzi ebusweni botshani, ukuvimbela iqhwa, nokugcina kufudumele, njll.) akunakunganakwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okufaka umquba kuwusizo ekuvikeleni utshani ezindaweni ezomile. Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi, kungenza ngisho notshani bukhule ngokushesha lapho umquba ususwa entwasahlobo.
Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwendwangu yokuhlanganisa izimbali, izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlanganisa izimbali ngezindwangu ezingalukiwe, amanetha omthunzi noma ezinye izinto kungadlala indima ekufakweni kwendwangu, kodwa utshani abukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nazo zonke izimo. Ngisho noma kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezisebenzayo, isimo esiphezulu somswakama sizoqhubeka senzeka ngaphansi kwe-mulch. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukulimala kokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kumaseli ezicubu zotshani nakho kuyakhulunywa ngakho. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganisa izimbali zasebusika kuhloselwe kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa ekubangeleni ukubanda okuphindaphindiwe nokuncibilika kwamaseli ezicubu zotshani kanye nomonakalo weqhwa. Izinto ezahlukene zingakhethwa zokuhlanganisa izimbali eziluhlaza, njengamashidi epulasitiki, amakhethini otshani, ama-quilts, njll. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukumboza ngesihlabathi esijiyile noma ukumboza ngamanetha omthunzi kuyonga kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mulch ayikwazi ukuvulwa noma yonakale kancane, futhi izikhwama zesihlabathi ezicindezela i-mulch kufanele zihanjiswe njalo, ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi izimbali ziniselwa ngokulinganayo.
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokufaka i-mulch kungenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu eziphakanyiswa abaphathi bensimu. Ukwenza lokhu kusenesikhathi kuzobambezela noma kuguqule inqubo yokuqina kotshani. Uma kunezinsuku eziningana zesimo sezulu esinelanga ngoDisemba, izinga lokushisa lotshani lizokhuphuka ngokushesha ngemva kokumbozwa, futhi ubuthongo botshani cishe buzophuka. Ngokufanayo, isimo sezulu esithambile ekupheleni kobusika sizokhuthaza utshani ukuba bube luhlaza kusenesikhathi futhi bukhule ngaphansi kwesivalo. Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ukumboza utshani sekwephuzile ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuwa kweqhwa lokuqala elibalulekile, nokususa isivalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ezinye izifundo zizozama ukususa isivalo emini ukuze zivumele imifino ukuthi ivumelane namazinga okushisa akhuphukayo entwasahlobo. Uma umehluko wokushisa ebusuku mkhulu, utshani buzombozwa futhi. Ngokusobala, isisindo sesivalo esidingekayo ngalesi sikhathi kufanele sincishiswe, futhi abasebenzi kufanele balungiswe.
D. Ukuvundisa
Ukukhulelwa okwaneleIdlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwengadi ebusika. Ngaphambi kokuba utshani bungene ekubandeni, kufanele kufakwe umanyolo wemvelo njengomanyolo wezilwane, i-peat kanye ne-humic acid, futhi kufanele kufakwe “amanzi asebusika” anele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpande zotshani zingahlala isikhathi eside ebusika. Kufanele kwenziwe ukungcola okufanele, futhi ingxube yesihlabathi noma inhlabathi (inhlabathi enesakhiwo esifanayo nombhede wotshani) kanye nomanyolo wemvelo kufanele kuhlanganiswe otshanini ukuze kugcinwe kufudumele, kugcinwe amanzi futhi kuhlinzekwe ngomanyolo. Abacwaningi bahlole ukukhula kotshani ngaphambi kobusika futhi bathola ukuthi ukwanda kwe-potassium ne-phosphorus kuyizinto ezibalulekile ukuze utshani bukwazi ukusinda emazingeni okushisa abandayo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubekezelela utshani ebanda, kudingeka umanyolo ohlukahlukene, kuqala ngomanyolo we-nitrogen, okuyizinto ezibangela ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba zotshani.
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukugcinwa kwama-carbohydrate ezitshalweni kuqala ukwanda ngokufakwa komanyolo ekwindla. Ukulawula inani elitholakalayo lomanyolo we-nitrogen kungakhuthaza ukukhula kotshani kuze kufike ezingeni elifunekayo ngaphandle kokuthinta ukukhula kwezimpande. Izikhathi eziningi, inani elikhulu lomanyolo osetshenziswa ngasekupheleni kwebusika lingaqinisekisa umphumela obonakalayo oluhlaza, kodwa futhi usengozini enkulu yokulimala kanye nezifo. Izinhlelo zokufaka umanyolo ngemuva kwesizini kufanele zigxile ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lotshani lokubhekana namazinga okushisa aphansi, okungukuthi, ukukhuthaza nokusekela ukugcinwa kwama-carbohydrate (isihluthulelo senqubo yokuqina), okungakhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwezakhamzimba ezitholakalayo futhi kunikeze abasebenzi "ifasitela" lokubikezela isimo sotshani.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-20-2024