Inqubo yokutshala utshani obusha

Utshani oluphumelelayo alunakuhlukaniswa nokuphathwa ngokucophelela, kodwa izinyathelo zomsebenzi ngesikhathi sokusungulwa nazo zibaluleke kakhulu. Izinkinga eziningi ezitholakala ekuphathweni kotshani zingase zihlobane ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile namaphutha noma ukunganaki enkambisweni yokusungulwa kotshani. Uma umsebenzi ngesikhathi sokusungulwa wenziwa ngokucophelela nangokucabanga, umsebenzi wokuphatha ngemva kokusungulwa nawo uzoba ngcono. Ngokufanayo, awukhathazeki kakhulu, kodwa uma ukutshala kungafanele, kungabangela izinkinga ezifana nokuzalanisa ukhula, ukulimala kwezinambuzane, izimo ezimbi zomhlabathi, ukukhula okungalingani kotshani botshani, njll. ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, njengamanye amaphrojekthi okwakha ajwayelekile, ukutshala utshanikufanele futhi ibe nezinqubo ezithile, ikakhulukazi: ukulungiswa kwendawo, ukukhethwa kwembewu yotshani, ukusabalala kotshani, njll. Kumaphrojekthi adinga ukulethwa ukuze asetshenziswe, kumele futhi ube nesibopho sokunakekela nokunakekela utshani obusha ngaphambi kokulethwa. Ikwazile ukukhiqiza utshani obusezingeni eliphezulu.

Inqubo yokutshala utshani obusha

Ukutshala utshani olusha kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi nohlelekile. Kudinga uchungechunge lwemingcele ekusungulweni ngokusekelwe ezifundeni ezahlukene, izimo ezahlukene zendawo, izidingo ezahlukene kanye nezinye izici zangaphandle. Kodwa ngokuvamile, okuyinhloko Yenza izinguquko ezifanele kulezi zici ezilandelayo ngokwezimo ezahlukene.

1. Khetha izinhlobo ezifanele zotshani botshani

Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zotshani obungatshani kuthinteka yizici eziningi. Ngaphezu kwezidingo zamakhasimende kanye nezincomo zabathengisi bembewu, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi utshani obungatshani obukhethiwe kufanele buvumelane nesimo sezulu sendawo kanye nezimo zomhlabathi. Isibonelo: uma indawo yokuhlwanyela inomthunzi omncane, kufanele kukhethwe utshani obungatshani obungatshani. Utshani obungatshani obukhethiwe kufanele futhi busebenzise uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuphatha njengokusika, ukufaka umanyolo noma ukunisela. Kuyinqatshelwe kakhulu ukunganaki indawo yokutshala kanye nendawo yokutshala ngenxa yezintandokazi zomuntu siqu. Ukungenisa izinhlobo ngokungazi ngenxa yokwehluka kwesimo sezulu endaweni okuvela kuyo kanye nokwenza ukuzalanisa okukhulu nokwakha ngeke kugcine ngokubangela ukwehluleka, kodwa futhi kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho nokunye. Lapho wethula noma wamukela uhlobo olusha lwe-turfgrass, kufanele uzame ukubonisana nochwepheshe abafanele noma abathengisi bembewu yotshani. Uma kudingeka futhi kungenzeka, kufanele ngokuvamile wenze ukuhlolwa kokutshala endaweni encane kuqala ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okungadingekile. Izidingo nezinqubo ezithile zokukhetha zichazwa kamuva.

2. Ukulungiswa kombhede oyisicaba

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zotshani, kodwa izidingo zotshani ziyafana. Zonke zidinga ukuthungwa komhlabathi okungazivumelanisa kahle nokukhula kotshani be-turf. Ngakho-ke, uma izimo zotshani be-lawn zingalungile, kudingeka kwenziwe uchungechunge lwezimbewu emhlabathini wotshani. Umsebenzi wokulungiselela kumele wenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi inokudonsa amanzi okuhle, ukuthamba okuphezulu, kanye ne-pH efanelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvundisa umhlabathi kanye nokwengezwa kwezinto eziphilayo kumele kwenziwe. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wokwakha othize wotshani be-lawn uhlobene nezimo zemvelo zendawo yotshani, njengezindawo. Izici zezulu zizothinta ukwakheka nokufakwa kwezindawo zokunisela kanye nokukhipha amanzi embhedeni othambathile. Izici ezithile zomhlabathi zizothinta nokufakwa kokuvundisa nokusetshenziswa kwezimo zokupholisa umhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ekulungiseleleni utshani be-lawn, izimo zemvelo zendawo ephambene nazo kumele zicatshangelwe. Yenza uphenyo oluningiliziwe nolucacile.

3. Ukusabalala kotshani

Utshani obukhethiwe bungasakazwa ngendlela yezitshalo noma ngembewu. Ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, kodwa kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lokusakazwa, isikhathi nendlela ethile kudingeka kukhethwe.

(1) Ukukhetha isikhathi sokutshala utshani

Ngokwemfundiso, ukusabalala kotshani kungenziwa unyaka wonke, kodwa ukuze kube nezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo ekusunguleni utshani, kuvame ukukhethwa isizini ethile. Ngokuvamile, uma nje izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokusabalala kotshani kanye nezinga lokushisa ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3 ngemva kokusabalala Izinga lokushisa lifanele ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kotshani botshani. Ezindaweni ezipholile kunesizini efanelekile - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ngokuvamile, ukusabalala kotshani botshani bonyaka opholile kungakhethwa ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla, kuyilapho ukusabalala kotshani bonyaka ofudumele kungakhethwa phakathi kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Uma kukhethwa intwasahlobo, ukuhlwanyela kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. , ukuze izithombo zikhule kahle futhi zakhe indawo eyisicaba ngokushesha okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba kufike isimo sezulu esishisayo, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlasela kokhula lwasehlobo. Isizini engcono kakhulu yokukhula kwezithombo ivame ukuba sekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Kulezi zinkathi ezimbili zonyaka, ukhula alubi kakhulu ehlobo, futhi izinga lokushisa nemvula kusiza kakhulu ekukhuleni kotshani botshani. Uma seluzinzile kahle ngaphambi kwesikhathi sasebusika esibandayo, Uma umsebenzi wokwakha utshani usuqediwe, utshani obutshalwe ngesikhathi esipholile bungakwazi ukumelana nokubanda kwasebusika. Kodwa-ke, lapho wakha utshani obusha embhedeni oyisicaba, akulungile ukuthi umphathi wotshani aphikelele ukuthi uma indawo yokutshala ihlangabezana nezimo, kumele ihlwanyelwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usuku lokutshala lufanelekile yini. Uma utshani obuyisicaba kufanele lwakhiwe ngalesi sikhathi, kulokhu, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo ekhethekile yokunciphisa imiphumela engathandeki yokutshala ngaphandle kwesizini, njengokumboza. Ukuze kuvikelwe izithombo ekulahlekelweni okubangelwa ukushisa nokomisa kobuso bomhlabathi, ubuso bomhlabathi kufanele bumbozwe kancane ngotshani noma ezinye izitshalo ezifana (notshani), futhi buniselwe ngokucophelela. Lezi zinyathelo ziwusizo ekuhlwanyeleni ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukutshala phakathi nehlobo akulula ukufeza impumelelo (ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imbewu embalwa yotshani obufudumele njenge-zoysia ne-bermudagrass ukwakha utshani). Ukwahlulela okuhle kungakusiza ukuthi welule ukutshala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ebusika ezindaweni eziningi zaseNingizimu, lapho ukumbozwa okuluhlaza kubalulekile (njengezinkundla zegalofu, njll.), ukutshala utshani be-rye kunganikeza utshani besikhashana obanelisayo.

Ezindaweni ezifudumele, isikhathi sokutshala esifanele yintwasahlobo (lapho amazinga okushisa afudumele ngokwanele ukuba utshani bukhule). Lokhu kuhlwanyela imbewu kusenesikhathi kuzogcina utshani bakho buluhlaza phakathi nenkathi yokukhula ngaphambi kokuba kufike izinyanga ezibandayo. Lapho utshala utshani ezindaweni ezishisayo, kunezinhlobonhlobo zokukhetha ngokuya ngezinsuku zokutshala. Eqinisweni, le ndawo ingahlwanyelwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ehlobo uma kutholakala umswakama wokuhluma kwembewu nokukhula kotshani.

(2) Ukuhlwanyela okuxubile kotshani obubandayo bendawo

Izindawo ezinobusika obubandayo (njengezindawo eziningi enyakatho yezwe lakithi) zivame ukusebenzisa ukuhlwanyela okuxubile. Ngokuvamile, umphumela wokuhlwanyela utshani obuxubile uyanelisa kakhulu kunowokuhlwanyela okukodwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlwanyela okuxubile akuvamile ukwenziwa ezindaweni ezifudumele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi utshani obuningi obufudumele obusezingeni eliphezulu busebenzisa ukusabalala kwezitshalo kunokusabalalisa imbewu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuncintisana phakathi kwabo kukhulu impela. Kusukela kulo mbono, abafaneleki ukuhlwanyela okuxubile. Ukuhlwanyela okuxubile enyakatho kunezinzuzo eziningi. Ukukhula kwangempela kotshani bokuqala obuxubile ekuhlanganisweni kokuhlwanyela okuxubile kuyahlukahluka ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekupheleni kwekwindla, ukukhula kotshani obuxubile kungaba okufanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlwanyela okuxubile kungavimbela nokusabalala okusheshayo kwezifo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umonakalo womhlaba wonke.

Uma kuhlwanyelwa utshani obuxubile ezindaweni ezibandayo, uma izilinganiso zohlobo ngalunye zifanele (ungacela iseluleko kanye neziphakamiso kubathengisi bembewu yotshani), ungasebenzisa kuqala utshani be-turf besikhashana (okungcono i-ryegrass ehlala isikhathi eside) ukuze kungene ngokushesha enhlabathini, bese kuthi ngenkathi ukukhula nokukhula kwalolu tshani lwe-turf kuhamba kancane, utshani be-turf obuhlala njalo bukhula kancane kancane ngamandla, bakhe utshani obuqinile. Utshani be-ryegrass base-Italy (i-ryegrass yasegadini) abufanele ukuhlwanyelwa okuxubile ngoba bukhula ngamandla kangangokuthi buhlanganisa ezinye utshani be-lawn obukhula kancane. Uma kudingeka utshani be-turf obubekezelela umthunzi engxubeni, i-meadow fescue (esikhundleni se-oxtail) ingabala u-15% wengxube, okungadala izimo zokukhula okusheshayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-meadow fescue ibekezelela umthunzi kuyilapho i-ryegrass ingabi njalo. Utshani be-chaff bungafakwa njengengxenye yengxube, kodwa ingxenye iyonke yazo zonke utshani obukhula ngokushesha (ryegrass noma i-meadow fescue kanye notshani be-chaff grass obuncane) akufanele idlule u-25%. Izingxube zotshani ezakhiwe ngembewu engabizi zivame ukufaka utshani obuningi besikhashana (i-ryegrass, i-meadow fescue, noma i-chaff grass) kanye nengxenye encishisiwe yotshani obuhlala njalo obubizayo. Uma inani elikhulu lembewu yesikhashana yotshani equkethwe (cishe ama-25%), amathuba amancane okwakha utshani obuhlala njalo obuhlala njalo obuhlala njalo.

Misa utshani olujwayelekile enhlabathini enokukhanya kwelanga okwanele kanye nokuvunda okulingene. Utshani obuhlala isikhathi eside obuhlala endaweni ebandayo bungaba utshani obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-fescue ensomi kanye ne-bentgrass ethambile, noma kusetshenziswe utshani obuluhlaza obubili noma ngaphezulu kanye ne-fescue ensomi. Izinhlobo ezahlukene. Imbewu ye-bentgrass ebuthakathaka akufanele ibe nembewu ye-bentgrass enwabuzelayo ukuze kugwenywe ukugoba okungadala inkinga esikhathini esizayo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, njengoba izici zokukhula kanye nokuthuthuka kotshani obufudumele zihlukile kulezo zotshani obubandayo, ukuhlwanyela okukodwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuhlwanyela okuxubile phakathi kwazo.-isipinaumshini wokusabalalisa umanyoloYiqiniso, lokhu akuphikisani nokuhlwanyelwa okuxubile kotshani be-turf obuhlala endaweni ebandayo kanye notshani obuhlala endaweni efudumele obekuqhutshwa ngempumelelo kwezinye izindawo.

Uma kusungulwa utshani obubekezelela umthunzi kancane ezindaweni ezipholile, utshani obuluhlaza obunamagatsha amakhulu kufanele buthathelwe indawo utshani obuluhlaza obunamagatsha futhi, uma buxutshwe, kufanele kufakwe i-fescue ensomi, kuyilapho utshani obunamagatsha aphansi kufanele busetshenziswe esikhundleni sotshani obunamagatsha amancane. I-fescue yamadlelo kanye notshani obunamagatsha kufanele kube utshani bendawo obukhula ngokushesha kutshani obunamagatsha ahlanganisiwe. Phakathi kotshani obunamagatsha afudumele, utshani obunamagatsha amakhulu yibo obubekezelela umthunzi kakhulu, kanti utshani obunamagatsha amakhulu abubekezelelani umthunzi kakhulu.

Ezindaweni ezibandayo ezinenhlabathi empofu kanye nemithambeka, utshani obuxubile kufanele bube nengxenye enkulu yotshani obuncane, futhi inani le-fescue ensomi kufanele landiswe ngokufanele. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuncika kutshani obuluhlaza kufanele kuncishiswe. Phakathi kotshani obufudumele, i-bermudagrass iwuhlobo oluhle kulezi zindawo ngenxa yokubekezelela kwayo isomiso kakhulu.