Ukuqonda kanye nokusebenza kahle komanyolo wotshani kunqunywa yizici eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo kanye nohlobo lomanyolo, izici zokukhula kotshani botshani, isikhathi sokukhula, isimo sezulu, inhlabathi kanye nezinye izici zemvelo, kanye nezinyathelo ezahlukene zokuphatha.
Ukutholakala kwezakhamzimba kanye nesidingo sazo
Ukutholakala kwezakhamzimba kanye nesidingo sezakhamzimba kuyisisekelo sokwahlulela ukuthi utshani ludinga ukuvundiswa kanye nohlobo lomanyolo oludingekayo. Ngokuyinhloko kubhekisela esidingweni sezakhamzimba zotshani kanye nezinga lokuvundiswa kwenhlabathi. Isimo sokudla kwetshani singanqunywa ngokuxilongwa kokudla kwezitshalo kanye nokulinganiswa kwezicubu, kanti umthamo wokutholakala komanyolo wenhlabathi unganqunywa ngokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi. Ukuhlanganisa lokhu okubili kunganquma ukutholakala kwezakhamzimba kanye nesidingo sotshani, ukuze kusetshenziswe umanyolo ngendlela eqondiwe.
Ukuxilongwa kwezitshalo kuwubuchwepheshe obubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni komanyolo we-nitrogen. Uhlobo lwezakhamzimba ezidingekayo utshani lunganqunywa ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zokuntuleka, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhipha ezinye izinto ezingaba khona, njengokugcwala kwamanzi kanye nokushisa. Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu kunganquma ngqo inani lezakhamzimba ezimuncwa futhi ziguqulwe utshani, okubaluleke kakhulu ezintweni ezilandelanayo.
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kungakuqonda ngokugcwele ukuvunda kwenhlabathi yotshani, ukuze kutholakale ukwakheka kwezakhamzimba, isilinganiso kanye nenani lokusetshenziswa komanyolo. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, lapho kusetshenziswa umanyolo oyisisekelo, inani lomanyolo we-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium lisetshenziswa kakhulu ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi. Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwenhlabathi.utshani obuvuthiwe, futhi uhlelo lokufaka umanyolo kufanele luthuthukiswe kancane kancane.
Izici zesidingo sotshani botshani sezakhamzimba
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zotshani botshani zinomehluko omkhulu ekudingeni kwazo izakhamzimba, ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen. Uma sikhuluma, phakathi kotshani botshani besikhathi esipholile, i-fescue ebomvu inezidingo eziphansi ze-nitrogen, kanye nokwehla kobuningi botshani kanye nekhwalithi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-nitrogen ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, i-fescue yasehlathini idinga inhlabathi evundile futhi ayikwazi ukwakha utshani obuhle enhlabathini empofu. Nakuba i-fescue ende ibekezelela ukuphathwa okubanzi, isabela kakhulu kumanyolo we-nitrogen. Phakathi kotshani botshani besikhathi esifudumele, utshani obuyi-false centipede, utshani bekhaphethi kanye ne-paspalum yasogwini kunezidingo eziphansi zokuzala, kanti i-bermudagrass inezidingo eziphezulu zomanyolo we-nitrogen. I-Zoysia isebenza kangcono ngaphansi kwezimo zomanyolo ophezulu, kodwa ingabekezelela nomanyolo ophansi.
Kukhona futhi umehluko ekudingweni kwezakhamzimba phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zohlobo olufanayo. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-bermudagrass i-Texture10 ludinga umanyolo omningi kune-Ormand, kanti izinhlobo ze-meadow grass i-Midnight ne-Glade zidinga umanyolo omningi kune-Kenblue ne-Park. Izinhlobo ezidinga umanyolo omningi kumele zibe nomanyolo owanele, ngaphandle kwalokho ikhwalithi yotshani izokwehla. Ezinhlotsheni ezidinga umanyolo omncane, umanyolo omningi ngeke wehluleke nje ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yotshani, kodwa uzonciphisa ikhwalithi yotshani futhi wandise izindleko zokuphatha.
Isidingo sezakhamzimba sihlukile futhi ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokukhula kotshani obutshani. Lapho utshani butshalwa, umanyolo oyisisekelo kumele ube namagremu ama-5/imitha yesikwele ye-nitrogen emsulwa, kuyilapho i-phosphorus, i-potassium, njll. inganqunywa ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe yini nokuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe malini. Etshanini elivuthiwe, umanyolo ngesikhathi sokukhula okunamandla ikakhulukazi umanyolo we-nitrogen, kanti umanyolo we-phosphorus ungashiywa. Ezinkathini zokukhula ezingezinhle, umanyolo we-nitrogen omncane kufanele usetshenziswe, futhi umanyolo we-phosphorus ne-potassium omningi kufanele usetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Ukuze kugcinwe utshani obukhona obusezingeni eliphezulu, kungakhethwa izinga eliphansi lokunikezwa kwe-nitrogen. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kotshani obutshani futhi kuthuthukiswe utshani obutshani ngobuningi obuphansi, ukukhula okubuthakathaka noma ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwemvelo, izinambuzane nezifo ngokushesha okukhulu, kudingeka izinga eliphezulu le-nitrogen.
Umthelela wendawo ezungezile ekumuncweni kwezakhamzimba ezitshalweni
Uma izimo zemvelo zifanelekela ukukhula okusheshayo kotshani obukhula endaweni ethile, kumele kube nokutholakala kwezakhamzimba okwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhula kwalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukutholakala kwe-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium okwanele kuyadingeka kakhulu ekumelaneni nesomiso kwesitshalo, ukumelana nokubanda kanye nokumelana nokucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kufanele kulawulwe noma kusetshenziswe ngokuqapha. Lapho ukucindezeleka kwemvelo kususiwe, ukutholakala kwezakhamzimba ezithile kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuze kube lula ukululama ngokushesha kotshani obukhula endaweni ethile. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-nitrogen ezindaweni ezibandayo ngaphambi kokufika kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu ehlobo kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu. I-nitrogen ikhuthaza ukukhula kotshani obukhula endaweni ethile futhi yandisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi ezicutshini, kodwa kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kanye nokumelana nezifo ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nesomiso. Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-nitrogen ngokweqile ehlobo kuvame ukuhambisana nezifo ezinkulu zotshani.
Ukuthungwa kanye nesakhiwo senhlabathi kunethonya elikhulu ekhonweni lokugcina izakhamzimba ezisetshenziswayo, futhi kuthinta ngqo ukusetshenziswa komanyolo. Inhlabathi yesihlabathi enamahlamvu amaningi ayinawo umanyolo ogciniwe kahle futhi ilahleka kalula ngokuvuza. Lapho kufakwa umanyolo, kufanele kusetshenziswe inani elincane kanye nomanyolo ophindwe kaningi noma okhipha kancane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle komanyolo.
Ukusetshenziswa kotshani kanye nokuqina kokunakekelwa
Ukusetshenziswa kotshani okuhlukene kunezimfuneko zokunakekela ezihlukile kanye nomanyolo. Izidingo zekhwalithi zotshani obuluhlaza begalofu ziphakeme kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zotshani, okunquma ukuthi umswakama wazo wokunakekela nawo uphakeme kakhulu. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kotshani obuluhlaza bezemidlalo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvundisa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuvuselelwa kotshani obuluhlaza. Ezitshanini zokonga inhlabathi namanzi, izidingo zazo zekhwalithi ziphansi, futhi kudingeka umanyolo owodwa kuphela ngonyaka, noma ngisho nomanyolo awudingeki.
Izindlela zokuphatha utshani
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhloboukuphathwa kotshaniIzindlela zokulinganisa, ukusika utshani kanye nokufaka umanyolo zihlobene kakhulu. Ngenxa yobuhle, abantu bavame ukususa izingcezu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo basuse izakhamzimba eziningi. Uma ukufakelwa kungakhuliswanga, umbala wamaqabunga otshani uzoba lula, okuholela ekunciphiseni ikhwalithi yotshani. Kubikwa ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwezingcezu zotshani kunganciphisa inani lomanyolo ngo-30%. Kutshani lwe-Moerion meadow bluegrass olunezingcezu zotshani ezisusiwe, isidingo se-nitrogen kufanele sande ngamagremu angu-0.9 kuya ku-1.5 ngemitha yesikwele ngenyanga ngesikhathi sokukhula kotshani. Ukunisela utshani nakho kuthinta ukufakelwa umanyolo. Ukunisela njalo kuzokhulisa ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba zotshani, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isidingo sotshani sokufaka umanyolo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-13-2024